PRIN OF ANAT & PHYS WILEY PLUS ACCESS
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781119659488
Author: Tortora
Publisher: WILEY
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 1CP
What is a pathogen?
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To review:
The term pathogen.
Introduction:
A pathogen is an organism, such as bacteria, virus, or fungi, which is capable of producing a disease. The capacity of a pathogen to cause a disease is known as pathogenicity.
Explanation of Solution
Pathogens are mostly microscopic and are widespread organisms. They can be present in air, soil, and water, as well as on the body surface or inside the body of other organisms. They attack and live off their host organism. In vaccines, the pathogens are used to develop immunity and strengthen the immune response of an individual receiving it.
The pathogens can enter the body via cuts, infected food, wounds, water, or even while inhaling air. A pathogen can be a virus, bacterium, protozoan, fungi, or an insect. It can be virulent or nonvirulent on the basis of being able to penetrate the body and capability of causing the disease. Some examples of pathogenic diseases and syndromes are chicken pox, amoebic dysentery, candidiasis, and AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome).
Conclusion
Thus, a pathogen is a biological causative agent that is capable of inducing an infection or a disease in another organism. Organism develops immunity against such foreign agents in order to maintain the homeostasis of the body.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
How does the cost of food affect the nutritional choices people make?
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics:Two-Compartment Model Zero-Order Absorption Questions
SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution, report your regression lines and axes names (with units if appropriate) :Calculate a-q
a) B1,
b) B2,
c) hybrid rate constant (1)
d) hybrid rate constant (2)
e) t1/2,dist
f) t1/2,elim
g) k10
h) k12
i) k21
j) initial concentration (C0)
k) central compartment volume (V1)
l) steady-state volume (Vss)
m) clearance (CL) AUC (0→10 min) using trapezoidal rule
n) AUC (20→30 min) using trapezoidal rule
o) AUCtail (AUC360→∞)
p) total AUC (using short cut method)
q) volume from AUC (VAUC)
What are some external influences that keep people from making healthy eating decisions?
Chapter 22 Solutions
PRIN OF ANAT & PHYS WILEY PLUS ACCESS
Ch. 22 - What is a pathogen?Ch. 22 - Now are innate and adaptive immunity different?Ch. 22 - What are the components and functions of the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4CPCh. 22 - Diagram the route of lymph circulation.Ch. 22 - What is the role of the thymus in immunity?Ch. 22 - Prob. 7CPCh. 22 - 8. What are the names of the four lymph sacs from...Ch. 22 - What physical and chemical factors provide...Ch. 22 - What internal defenses provide protection against...
Ch. 22 - How are the activities of natural killer cells and...Ch. 22 - 12. What are the main signs, symptoms, and stages...Ch. 22 - Prob. 13CPCh. 22 - 14. How do the major histocompatibility complex...Ch. 22 - Prob. 15CPCh. 22 - 16. How do antigen-presenting cells process...Ch. 22 - What are cytokines, where do they arise, and how...Ch. 22 - 18. What are the functions of helper, cytotoxic,...Ch. 22 - Prob. 19CPCh. 22 - Prob. 20CPCh. 22 - Prob. 21CPCh. 22 - How are cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune...Ch. 22 - Prob. 23CPCh. 22 - Prob. 24CPCh. 22 - Prob. 25CPCh. 22 - Prob. 26CPCh. 22 - Prob. 27CPCh. 22 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 22 - Due to the presence of breast cancer, Mrs. Franco...Ch. 22 - Prob. 3CTQ
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
An obese 55-year-old woman consults her physician about minor chest pains during exercise. Explain the physicia...
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
The active ingredient in Tylenol and a host of other over-the-counter pain relievers is acetaminophen (C8H9NO2)...
Chemistry: Atoms First
The validity of a scientific law.
Physical Universe
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What type of structure(s) would you expect to see in peripheral membrane proteins? (mark all that apply) A. Amphipathic alpha helix (one side is hydrophilic and one side is hydrophobic) B. A hydrophobic beta barrel C. A hydrophobic alpha helix D. A chemical group attached to the protein that can anchor it to the membranearrow_forwardTemporal flexibility (the ability to change over time) of actin structures within a cell is maintained by… A. The growth/shrinkage cycle B. Periodic catastrophe C. GTP hydrolysis D. Treadmilling E. None of the abovearrow_forwardDuring in vitro polymerization of actin and microtubule filaments from their subunits, what causes the initial delay in filament growth? A.Nucleation B.Reaching homeostasis C.Nucleotide exchange D.ATP or GTP hydrolysis E.Treadmillingarrow_forward
- You expect to find which of the following in the Microtubule Organizing Center (MTOC)...(mark all that apply) A. Gamma tubulin B. XMAP215 C. Centrioles D. Kinesin-13arrow_forwardThe actin-nucleating protein formin has flexible “arms” containing binding sites that help recruit subunits in order to enhance microfilament polymerization. What protein binds these sites? A.Thymosin B.Profilin C.Cofilin D.Actin E.Tropomodulinarrow_forwardWhile investigating an unidentified motor protein, you discover that it has two heads that bind to actin. Based on this information, you could confidently determine that it is NOT... (mark all that apply) A. A myosin I motor B. A dynein motor C. A myosin VI motor D. A kinesin motorarrow_forward
- You isolate the plasma membrane of cells and find that . . . A. it contains regions with different lipid compositions B. it has different lipid types on the outer and cytosolic leaflets of the membrane C. neither are possible D. A and B both occurarrow_forwardYou are studying the mobility of a transmembrane protein that contains extracellular domains, one transmembrane domain, and a large cytosolic domain. Under normal conditions, this protein is confined to a particular region of the membrane due to the cortical actin cytoskeletal network. Which of the following changes is most likely to increase mobility of this protein beyond the normal restricted region of the membrane? A. Increased temperature B. Protease cleavage of the extracellular domain of the protein C. Binding to a free-floating extracellular ligand, such as a hormone D. Protease cleavage of the cytosolic domain of the protein E. Aggregation of the protein with other transmembrane proteinsarrow_forwardTopic: Benthic invertebrates as an indicator species for climate change, mapping changes in ecosystems (Historical Analysis & GIS) What objects or events has the team chosen to analyze? How does your team wish to delineate the domain or scale in which these objects or events operate? How does that limited domain facilitate a more feasible research project? What is your understanding of their relationships to other objects and events? Are you excluding other things from consideration which may influence the phenomena you seek to understand? Examples of such exclusions might include certain air-born pollutants; a general class of water bodies near Ottawa, or measurements recorded at other months of the year; interview participants from other organizations that are involved in the development of your central topic or issue. In what ways do your research questions follow as the most appropriate and/or most practical questions (given the circumstances) to pursue to better understand…arrow_forward
- The Esp gene encodes a protein that alters the structure of the insulin receptor on osteoblasts and interferes with the binding of insulin to the receptor. A researcher created a group of osteoblasts with an Esp mutation that prevented the production of a functional Esp product (mutant). The researcher then exposed the mutant strain and a normal strain that expresses Esp to glucose and compared the levels of insulin in the blood near the osteoblasts (Figure 2). Which of the following claims is most consistent with the data shown in Figure 2 ? A Esp expression is necessary to prevent the overproduction of insulin. B Esp protein does not regulate blood-sarrow_forwardPredict the per capita rate of change (r) for a population of ruil trees in the presence of the novel symbiont when the soil moisture is 29%. The formula I am given is y= -0.00012x^2 + 0.0088x -0.1372. Do I use this formula and plug in 29 for each x variable?arrow_forwardPlease answer the following chart so I can understand how to do it.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...Health & NutritionISBN:9781337711067Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna BalacPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781337711067
Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna Balac
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
7 Freudian Defence Mechanisms Explained; Author: Lewis Psychology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTnjJ105ze4;License: Standard youtube license