Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 22, Problem 12Q
To determine
The method used by astronomers to determine the distance to H1 (neutral gas) clouds.
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Explain why the sky is blue and how that relates to reflection nebulae.
The current precision of the Doppler shifts in the absorption lines in
stellar spectra is ~3 km s-'. Show that it would not be possible to detect
the presence of the Earth from a distant solar system using the Doppler
method. State one method that might allow the Earth to be detected.
(The Earth's mass is 1/333 000 that of the Sun. 1 AU = 1.49× 10"m.)
2.
If the hottest star in the Carina Nebula has a surface temperature of 51,000 K, at what wavelength (in nm) does it radiate the most energy?
Hint: Use Wien's law:
?max =
2.90 ✕ 106 nm · K
T
How does that compare with 91.2 nm, the wavelength of photons with just enough energy to ionize hydrogen?
-The wavelength calculated above is shorter than 91.2 nm. Photons at this calculated wavelength will have more than enough energy to ionize hydrogen.
-The wavelength calculated above is longer than 91.2 nm. Photons at this calculated wavelength will have more than enough energy to ionize hydrogen.
-The wavelength calculated above is shorter than 91.2 nm. Photons at this calculated wavelength will not have enough energy to ionize hydrogen.
-The wavelength calculated above is longer than 91.2 nm. Photons at this calculated wavelength will not have enough energy to ionize hydrogen.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
Ch. 22 - Prob. 1QCh. 22 - Prob. 2QCh. 22 - Prob. 3QCh. 22 - Prob. 4QCh. 22 - Prob. 5QCh. 22 - Prob. 6QCh. 22 - Prob. 7QCh. 22 - Prob. 8QCh. 22 - Prob. 9QCh. 22 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 22 - Prob. 11QCh. 22 - Prob. 12QCh. 22 - Prob. 13QCh. 22 - Prob. 14QCh. 22 - Prob. 15QCh. 22 - Prob. 16QCh. 22 - Prob. 17QCh. 22 - Prob. 18QCh. 22 - Prob. 19QCh. 22 - Prob. 20QCh. 22 - Prob. 21QCh. 22 - Prob. 22QCh. 22 - Prob. 23QCh. 22 - Prob. 24QCh. 22 - Prob. 25QCh. 22 - Prob. 26QCh. 22 - Prob. 27QCh. 22 - Prob. 28QCh. 22 - Prob. 29QCh. 22 - Prob. 30QCh. 22 - Prob. 31QCh. 22 - Prob. 32QCh. 22 - Prob. 33QCh. 22 - Prob. 34QCh. 22 - Prob. 35QCh. 22 - Prob. 36QCh. 22 - Prob. 37QCh. 22 - Prob. 38QCh. 22 - Prob. 39QCh. 22 - Prob. 40QCh. 22 - Prob. 41QCh. 22 - Prob. 42QCh. 22 - Prob. 43QCh. 22 - Prob. 44QCh. 22 - Prob. 45QCh. 22 - Prob. 46QCh. 22 - Prob. 47QCh. 22 - Prob. 48QCh. 22 - Prob. 49QCh. 22 - Prob. 50Q
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- Why do nebulae near hot stars look red? Why do dust clouds near stars usually look blue?arrow_forwardH II regions can exist only if there is a nearby star hot enough to ionize hydrogen. Hydrogen is ionized only by radiation with wavelengths shorter than 91.2 nm. What is the temperature of a star that emits its maximum energy at 91.2 nm? (Use Wien’s law from Radiation and Spectra.) Based on this result, what are the spectral types of those stars likely to provide enough energy to produce H II regions?arrow_forwardDescribe the characteristics of the various kinds of interstellar gas (HII regions, neutral hydrogen clouds, ultra-hot gas clouds, and molecular clouds).arrow_forward
- Would you expect to find any white dwarfs in the Orion Nebula? (See The Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets outside the Solar System to remind yourself of its characteristics.) Why or why not?arrow_forwardIdentify several dark nebulae in photographs in this chapter. Give the figure numbers of the photographs, and specify where the dark nebulae are to be found on them.arrow_forwardConsider the following five kinds of objects: open cluster, giant molecular cloud, globular cluster, group of O and B stars, and planetary nebulae. A. Which occur only in spiral arms? B. Which occur only in the parts of the Galaxy other than the spiral arms? C. Which are thought to be very young? D. Which are thought to be very old? E. Which have the hottest stars?arrow_forward
- How do we distinguish stars from brown dwarfs? How do we distinguish brown dwarfs from planets?arrow_forwardFigure 20.2 shows a reddish glow around the star Antares, and yet the caption says that is a dust cloud. What observations would you make to determine whether the red glow is actually produced by dust or whether it is produced by an H II region? Figure 20.2 Various Types of Interstellar Matter. The reddish nebulae in this spectacular photograph glow with light emitted by hydrogen atoms. The darkest areas are clouds of dust that block the light from stars behind them. The upper part of the picture is filled with the bluish glow of light reflected from hot stars embedded in the outskirts of a huge, cool cloud of dust and gas. The cool supergiant star Antares can be seen as a big, reddish patch in the lower-left part of the picture. The star is shedding some of its outer atmosphere and is surrounded by a cloud of its own making that reflects the red light of the star. The red nebula in the middle right partially surrounds the star Sigma Scorpii. (To the right of Antares, you can see M4, a much more distant cluster of extremely old stars.) (credit: modification of work by ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2)arrow_forward(Astronomy) PSR1913+16 Problem II. Using only the Figure, what are the maximum radial velocities as found from the redshift and blueshift, respectively? Note: redshifts have positive radial velocities values in the figure, whereas blueshifts have negative radial velocity values. (Answer in km/s)arrow_forward
- 2GM What is the escape velocity (in km/s) from the surface of a 1.6 Mo neutron star? From a 3.0 M. neutron star? (Hint: Use the formula for escape velocity, V. ; make sure to express quantities in units of meters, kilograms, and seconds. Assume a neutron star has a radius of 11 km and assume the mass of the Sun is 1.99 x 1030 kg.) 1.6 Mo neutron star km/s 3.0 Me neutron star km/sarrow_forwardWhat is the escape velocity (in km/s) from the surface of a 1.1 M. neutron star? From a 3.0 M, neutron star? (Hint: Use the formula for escape velocity, V̟ = 2GM -; make sure to express quantities in units of meters, kilograms, and seconds. Assume a neutron star has a radius of 11 km and assume the mass of the Sun is 1.99 × 1030 kg.) 1.1 M neutron star km/s 3.0 M. neutron star km/s If a neutron star has a radius of 12 km and a temperature of 8.0 x 10° K, how luminous is it? Express your answer in watts and also in solar luminosity units. (Hint: Use the relation . Use 5,800 K for the surface temperature of the Sun. The luminosity of the Sun is 3.83 x 1026 W.) luminosity in watts luminosity in solar luminosity units Loarrow_forwardAstronomers us the P-Cygni line features in a spectrum of a supernova to... Select one alternative: ...measure the velocity of the supernova ejecta. ...to measure the rotation speed of the star that exploded. ...measure the composition of the supernova ejecta more accurately than with other lines. ...to measure the mass of the neutron star or black hole formed in the supernova.arrow_forward
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