By using the phylogenetic tree given, it is required to construct hypothesis about the origin of the virus lineages by using virus isolates that are given on the right of the tree. Given: It is given that a virus which spread in West Nile killed many bird species and caused inflammation of the human brain and in horses. In 1930, it was first found in Africa. Then in 1990, it was found throughout Eurasia. In 1999, it was first detected in New York and spread across the United States. The phylogenetic tree of West Nile is shown below: Introduction: A phylogenetic tree shows evolutionary relationship among various biological species. It is important to reconstruct with the help of phylogenic tree to know the past of the biological processes. In case of infectious diseases, it is important to know that how, when and where disease initially entered the human body and population. This can be done by making a phylogenic tree and tracing traits of the diseases.

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Chapter 21.3, Problem 1R

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By using the phylogenetic tree given, it is required to construct hypothesis about the origin of the virus lineages by using virus isolates that are given on the right of the tree.

Given:

It is given that a virus which spread in West Nile killed many bird species and caused inflammation of the human brain and in horses. In 1930, it was first found in Africa. Then in 1990, it was found throughout Eurasia. In 1999, it was first detected in New York and spread across the United States. The phylogenetic tree of West Nile is shown below:

Introduction:

A phylogenetic tree shows evolutionary relationship among various biological species. It is important to reconstruct with the help of phylogenic tree to know the past of the biological processes. In case of infectious diseases, it is important to know that how, when and where disease initially entered the human body and population. This can be done by making a phylogenic tree and tracing traits of the diseases.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…