Chapter 21, Problem 91CWP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ions that are expected to form colored octahedral complex ions are to be determined.

Concept introduction: There is degeneracy in the d orbitals of a transition metal atom or ion. It means they have same energy levels. But when they interact with ligands, the d orbitals become non degenerate, i.e. they do not have same energy. Color of the complex ions depends upon how the 3d electrons occupy the split energy levels.

To determine: If ${\text{Zn}}^{\text{+2}}$ will form colored octahedral aqueous complex or not.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ions that are expected to form colored octahedral complex ions are to be determined.

Concept introduction: There is degeneracy in the d orbitals of a transition metal atom or ion. It means they have same energy levels. But when they interact with ligands, the d orbitals become non degenerate, i.e. they do not have same energy. Color of the complex ions depends upon how the 3d electrons occupy the split energy levels.

To determine: If ${\text{Cu}}^{\text{+2}}$ will form colored octahedral aqueous complex or not.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ions that are expected to form colored octahedral complex ions are to be determined.

Concept introduction: There is degeneracy in the d orbitals of a transition metal atom or ion. It means they have same energy levels. But when they interact with ligands, the d orbitals become non degenerate, i.e. they do not have same energy. Color of the complex ions depends upon how the 3d electrons occupy the split energy levels.

To determine: If ${\text{Mn}}^{\text{+3}}$ ion will form colored octahedral aqueous complex or not.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ions that are expected to form colored octahedral complex ions are to be determined.

Concept introduction: There is degeneracy in the d orbitals of a transition metal atom or ion. It means they have same energy levels. But when they interact with ligands, the d orbitals become non degenerate, i.e. they do not have same energy. Color of the complex ions depends upon how the 3d electrons occupy the split energy levels.