Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21, Problem 8TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain:
How cellular and molecular events are responsible for emergent properties at individual and population level.
Introduction:
The events taking place at molecular or cellular level can lead to emergent properties at individual level or population level. The heterozygote alleles are favored rather than homozygotes at cellular level. In humans, this advantage can be seen at a locus coding for ß polypeptide (subunit of hemoglobin).
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Sickle-cell anemia is an interesting genetic disease. Normal homozygous individials (SS) have normal blood cells that are easily infected with the malarial parasite. Thus, many of these individuals become very ill from the parasite and many die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle-cell trait (ss) have red blood cells that readily collapse when deoxygenated. Although malaria cannot grow in these red blood cells, individuals often die because of the genetic defect. However, individuals with the heterozygous condition (Ss) have some sickling of red blood cells, but generally not enough to cause mortality. In addition, malaria cannot survive well within these "partially defective" red blood cells. Thus, heterozygotes tend to survive better than either of the homozygous conditions.
11% of an African population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss),
What is the frequency of the dominant allele? Please show your work in order to receive credit.
Sickle-cell anemia is an interesting genetic disease. Normal homozygous individials (SS) have normal blood cells that are easily infected with the malarial parasite. Thus, many of these individuals become very ill from the parasite and many die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle-cell trait (ss) have red blood cells that readily collapse when deoxygenated. Although malaria cannot grow in these red blood cells, individuals often die because of this genetic defect causes deformation of red blood cells. However, individuals with the heterozygous condition (Ss) have some sickling of red blood cells, but generally not enough to cause mortality. In addition, malaria cannot survive well within these "partially defective" red blood cells. Thus, heterozygotes tend to survive better than either of the homozygous conditions. Assuming HWE, if 9% of an African population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss), what percentage of the population will be more resistant to malaria…
Sickle-cell anemia is an interesting genetic disease. Normal homozygous individials (SS) have normal blood cells that are easily infected with the malarial parasite. Thus, many of these individuals become very ill from the parasite and many die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle-cell trait (ss) have red blood cells that readily collapse when deoxygenated. Although malaria cannot grow in these red blood cells, individuals often die because of the genetic defect. However, individuals with the heterozygous condition (Ss) have some sickling of red blood cells, but generally not enough to cause mortality. In addition, malaria cannot survive well within these "partially defective" red blood cells. Thus, heterozygotes tend to survive better than either of the homozygous conditions.
11% of an African population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss),
What is the frequency of the recessive allele? Please show your work in order
Chapter 21 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 21.1 - Explain why genetic variation within a population...Ch. 21.1 - Of all the mutations that occur in a population,...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 21.2 - A population has 700 individuals, 85 of genotype...Ch. 21.2 - The frequency of allele a is 0.45 for a population...Ch. 21.2 - WHAT IF? A locus that affects susceptibility to a...Ch. 21.3 - In what sense is natural selection more...Ch. 21.3 - Distinguish genetic drift from gene flow in terms...Ch. 21.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose two plant populations exchange...Ch. 21.4 - What is the relative fitness of a sterile mule?...
Ch. 21.4 - Explain why natural selection is the only...Ch. 21.4 - Consider a population in which heterozygotes at a...Ch. 21 - Natural selection changes allele frequencies...Ch. 21 - Sparrows With average-sized w1ngs survive severe...Ch. 21 - If the nucleotide variability of a locus equals...Ch. 21 - There are 25 individuals in population 1, all with...Ch. 21 - A fruit fly population has a gene with two...Ch. 21 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Using at least TWO examples,...Ch. 21 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 21 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This kettle lake formed...
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- There is a benign congenital condition called Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH) in which production of the fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is not switched off post-partum (after birth). It is due to a mutation in the β-globin gene cluster. People that are homozygotes for this mutation, meaning that the gene from both parents is mutated, continue to make almost exclusively HbF throughout their life rather than adult hemoglobin (HbA). HPFH homozygotes demonstrate a slight erythrocytosis, or an increase in the number or mass of their red blood cells, and consequently an increase in the concentration of HbF. Given only what you know about the oxygen saturation dynamics of HbF versus HbA, can you explain why there might be the slight erythrocytosis in HPFH homozygotes? It has been observed that the prevalence of HPFH is much higher in populations with certain hemoglobinopathic disorders such as sickle cell anemia, and is selected for in populations with a high prevalence of these…arrow_forwardMention Mendelian laws and how they fit in with sickle cell anaemia Are there any advantages to having sickle cell anaemia?arrow_forwardWhat is heterozygote advantage. How does this phenomenon explain the preponderance of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia ?arrow_forward
- Gamete Production: in the following examples please list the possible gametes produced 1) In humans, sickle cell anemia is a disease caused by a mutation of a single gene that codes for an important protein. The allele for the normal protein is dominant (S) to the one that causes sickle cell anemia. a. What gametes would be produced by an individual who suffers from sickle cell anemia produce? b. What gamester would be produce by an individual that is a carrier of the sickle cell trait?arrow_forwardSickle cell anemia follows a single-gene pattern of inheritance, with two alleles: one allele (S) produces normal hemoglobin, and the other (s) produces abnormal hemoglobin. Describe the phenotype outcome for each of the three possible genotypes (SS, Ss and ss), with regard to sickle cell anemia and malaria.arrow_forwardcan two observably different cells have the same geno type, explain?arrow_forward
- What phenotype is expressed from the genetic trait hemophilia?arrow_forwardHemolytic disease of new born maternal fetal ABO incompatibility occurs more frequently as a result of which specific mismatch?arrow_forwardeleven The gene known to be mutated in cases of Agammaglobulinemia 2 (which is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern) is the immunoglobulin lambda like polypeptide 1 (IGLL1 ENSG00000128322). What is known about the gene is recorded here: http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000128322;r=22:23573125-23580302 Please navigate to the link above to answer the following question: According to the web site above, how many phenotypes is IGLL1 associated with?arrow_forward
- The gene that is responsible for producing clotting factor VIII is located on the X chromosome. A recessive mutation in this gene causes the most common type of hemophilia; it is known as hemophilia A. If this gene is mutated in the hemophilia, but it will always cause this type of hemophilia if mutated in the This is because have two X chromosomes; since this is a recessive mutation, more than likely the other X chromosome has the normal gene. View Available Hint(s) Omale: female; females O female: male: females O male; female, males. O child; adult; adults it sometimes causes this type ofarrow_forwarddominant-therefore someone with AB genotype has AB phenotype. You can see both because they are codominant) i) What are the possible genotypes for someone with A blood type? ii) What about B blood type? iii) Let's assume that an person by the name of Dustin Beilber (this name sounds really familiar for some reason) is taken to trial in a paternity suit by a woman claiming that he is the father of her child. He claims he is not the father. At the trial, an expert witness reveals the blood types of all three: Dustin's blood type – B Mother's blood type – A Child's blood type – O Based on these data, is it possible that Dustin is the father of this child? (To put this in terms of the scientific method, you are trying to disprove the hypothesis that Dustin is the father). If you can't disprove this, it doesn't mean that he is the father, it simply means that you cannot reject the hypothesis). Explain your answer.arrow_forwardConsidering the genetics of Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, explain how a female could inherit the disease considering that afflicted male patients do not have offspring.arrow_forward
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