Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 2TYU
Sparrows With average-sized w1ngs survive severe storms better than those with longer or shorter wings, illustrating
- A. the bottleneck effect
- B. disruptive selection.
- C. frequency-dependent selection.
- D. stabilizing selection.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following changes would cause directional selection?
a
A habitat made of trees with light-colored bark and newly soot-covered bark results in moths that are either white or black.
b
An increase in intermediate-colored rocks leads to the decrease in light-colored mice and dark-colored mice.
c
A shortage of water leads to the death of many aquatic plants.
d
There is an abundance of large seeds available, leading to an increase in the beak size of birds.
Some females seem to prefer the green colouration and some females seem to prefer the blue colouration. What type of selection is this an example of?
a. stabilizing
b. balancing
c. directional
d. diversifying
A gene exists in two alleles, and the heterozygote has the highest fitness. This situation is likely to result in
a. directional selection. c. disruptive selection.
b. stabilizing selection. d. balancing selection.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 21.1 - Explain why genetic variation within a population...Ch. 21.1 - Of all the mutations that occur in a population,...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 21.2 - A population has 700 individuals, 85 of genotype...Ch. 21.2 - The frequency of allele a is 0.45 for a population...Ch. 21.2 - WHAT IF? A locus that affects susceptibility to a...Ch. 21.3 - In what sense is natural selection more...Ch. 21.3 - Distinguish genetic drift from gene flow in terms...Ch. 21.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose two plant populations exchange...Ch. 21.4 - What is the relative fitness of a sterile mule?...
Ch. 21.4 - Explain why natural selection is the only...Ch. 21.4 - Consider a population in which heterozygotes at a...Ch. 21 - Natural selection changes allele frequencies...Ch. 21 - Sparrows With average-sized w1ngs survive severe...Ch. 21 - If the nucleotide variability of a locus equals...Ch. 21 - There are 25 individuals in population 1, all with...Ch. 21 - A fruit fly population has a gene with two...Ch. 21 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Using at least TWO examples,...Ch. 21 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 21 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This kettle lake formed...
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- A population occupies heterogeneous environments in which the fitness of some genotypes is higher in one environment and the fitness of other individuals is higher in another environment. This situation is likely to result in a. directional selection. b. stabilizing selection. c. disruptive selection. d. balancing selection.arrow_forwardSelection that causes one extreme phenotype to be more frequent in a population is an example ofa. disruptive selection.b. stabilizing selection.c. directional selection.d. equivalent selection.arrow_forwardA. Stabilizing Selection B. Disruptive Selection C. Directional Selection D. Normal Selection 26. A biologist studying wolves has collected data on the mass of meat caught per day from hunts by packs varying in size from 2 to 15 wolves. The data show that as pack size increases, the mass of meat available per pack member per day increases. Which additional study would provide evidence that pack hunting provides an advantage? A. Measure and compare the abili ty of wolves of varying ages to successfully engage in hunting. B. Observe whether an individual wolf hunts different types of prey than a pack of wolves hunts. C. Measure the ratio of male to female wolves engaging in hunting to see if it varies with pack size. D. Compare the average number of pups per litter that reach reproductive age for wolf packs of different sizes. luminate Education TM Inc.arrow_forward
- Atlantic cod have experienced decades of overharvesting. As a result, the age of maturity of Atlantic cod populations have decreased, so that fish today reach sexual maturity early – at significantly smaller sizes than fish 50 years ago. From this, we can interpret that populations of Atlantic cod are experiencing. A. Directional selection B. frequency dependent Selection C. Disruptive Selection D. Genetic Drift E. Stabilizing Selection 2. In 1958, the average age to sexual maturity in the Atlantic cod population was 7.0 years. In 1959 there was a particularly large harvest of the Atlantic cod population. Fish that bred successfully that year had an average age of sexual maturity of 6.0 years. The difference between these values represents A. Mutation rate B. Selection Differential C. Response to selection D. Heritability 3. The difference in age at sexual maturity between the offspring of the fish that survived the harvest in 1959 (i.e. 6.2 years) and the population average before…arrow_forwardIndividuals in a population of sunflowers have a range of flower sizes, and the average diameter of their flowers is 5 cm. What effect would selection have on flower diameter in this population of sunflowers? A. The average flower diameter may not change if the population is under disruptive selection. B. Small flowers are favoured if the population is under disruptive selection. C. The average flower diameter will increase if the population is under stabilizing selection. D. Large flowers are favoured if the allele for flower size is dominant when the population is under directional selection.arrow_forwardA type of bird on an island makes nests in both tree roots and in tree branches at various heights from the ground. A ground snake invades the island and eats eggs or chicks from nests in tree roots and low tree branches. Part A: What type of selection is operating on the height at which the bird places its nest? A. Stabilizing B. Balancing C. Directional D. Disruptive What's the rationale? What effect will this selection have on the trait phenotype (height of nest)? Answer based on chart linkedarrow_forward
- It is believed that trichomes give an evolutionary advantage to plants when herbivory is high because the trichomes may be irritating to the animals that feed on these plants. In these situations, the selection pressure would favor plants with more trichomes. The experiment described above mimics this condition. What type of selection is represented here? A. Stabilizing B. Disruptive C. Directional selectionarrow_forwardYou are studying a genetically modified mouse that produces electric blue fur, which is not a fur color observed in nature. You notice that females prefer males that have the blue fur when given a choice test for mates. This result supports which of the following models of sexual selection? a. Sexual selection for indirect benefits b. Sexual selection for direct benefits c. Sexual selection for arbitrary traits d. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhen we take, say, 100 individuals of a species of beetle from the wild and place them in a new environment that is not so different that they are unable to thrive but different enough so that they are experiencing a new selective regime, say, a lower temperature, what typically happens? A - Sexual selection causes some larvae to be able to survive in the cooler temperatures and other individuals to be unable to survive because they need warmer temperatures. B - We are unable to measure phenotypic selection, presumably because we do not have much variation among individuals for how they handle temperature. C - The founder event assures us that the new population will be strictly representative of the source population (especially if we took all the 100 from the same location rather that from throughout the range of the species). D - The population evolves to be tolerant of the lower temperature; it can do this because of latent variation already in the 100 founding individuals. E -…arrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT true of stabilising selection a. it occurs when inidivuals with extreme trait values have lower fitness than those with intermediate trait values. b. it keeps the mean close (or moves it closer) to the optimum value c. it can result from opposing directional selection, such as when early flowering makes flowers susceptible to herbivores, but late flowering reduces the availability of pollinators. d. it does not improve the fitness of the population to the environment. e. it decreases the range of variation in the populationarrow_forwardThe Grants have studied finches on the Galapagos Islabds for 40+ years. During times of drought there is less green/flowering vegetation available as a good source for the finches. This leaves only the hard seeds. The grants have found that during drought, finches with larger beaks survive at a higher rate because they can access food source. This would be an example of ____ A.Selective pressure B. good genes hypothesis C. handicap principle D. population variationarrow_forwardConsider a hypothetical beetle population, in which beetle colour variesalong a spectrum from light to dark green. When introduced to anenvironment characterized by light green moss and dark green shrubs,both light and dark green beetles have higher fitness than medium greenbeetles. Which of the following terms best describes this situation? Select one:O a. Stabilizing selectionO b. Directional selectionO c. Disruptive selectionO d. Sexual selectionarrow_forward
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