Chapter 21, Problem 74IP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The selective reagents used to accomplish the given statement of starting molecule into target products (major product) transformation should be draw and identified.

Concept introduction:

Friedel-Crafts alkylation:  This reaction electrophilic aromatic substitutions allows the synthesis of monoacylated $\left(R-CO-C{H}_3\right)$ products from the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides (or) anhydrides. The obtained products are deactivated and go not undergo a second substitution place.   (or) This type of reaction involves of an aromatic ring with an alkyl halide using strong Lewis acid catalyst $\left(AlC{l}_3\right)$ or anhydrous $FeC{l}_3$ as a catalyst, the alkyl group attaches at the former site of the chlorine atoms.

Nitration Reaction: This type of aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction the nitration syntheses apply called "mixed acid", a mixture of concentrated $HN{O}_3$ and $H_{2}S{O}_4$. This mixture produces the nitronium ion ( $N{O}_2{}^{+}$), which is the active species in aromatic nitration. This active ingredient, which can be isolated in the case of nitronium tetrafluoroborate, also effects nitration without the need for the mixed acid. In the case of nitration of benzene, the reaction is conducted at a warm temperature the process is one example of electrophilic aromatic substitution, which involves the attack by the electron-rich benzene ring.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of π-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

Metal Reduction reaction: The aromatic and aliphatic nitro compounds or unsaturated aldehyde and ketones reacted with different metals in concentrated acid and carbonyl compound produced saturated alcohols. The keto group involves in the reduction process of LAH, this end up reducing to give the alcohols.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

To identify: The retrosynthesis analysis used to accomplish the given target transformation (2).