Chemistry
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780073402734
Author: Julia Burdge
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 21, Problem 65AP
How are past temperatures determined from ice cores obtained from the Arctic or Antarctica? (Hint: Look up the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. How does energy required for vaporization depend on the masses of
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Chemistry
Ch. 21.1 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT Calculate the wavelength...Ch. 21.1 - Practice Problem BUILD Which of the following...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 21.1 - Prob. 1CPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2CPCh. 21.2 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT which of the following is...Ch. 21.2 - Practice Problem BUILD Both O 2 and O 3 exhibit...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 21.2 - 21.2.1 What maximum wavelength (in nm) of fight is...Ch. 21.2 - What process gives rise to the aurora borealis and...
Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 1PPACh. 21.3 - Practice Problem BUILD How long will it take for...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 21.8 - Prob. 1CPCh. 21.8 - Prob. 2CPCh. 21 - Prob. 1QPCh. 21 - Prob. 2QPCh. 21 - Prob. 3QPCh. 21 - Prob. 4QPCh. 21 - Referring to Table 21.1, calculate the mole...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6QPCh. 21 - Prob. 7QPCh. 21 - Calculate the mass (in kg) of nitrogen, oxygen,...Ch. 21 - 21.9 What process gives rise to the aurora...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10QPCh. 21 - The highly reactive OH radical (a species with an...Ch. 21 - The green color observed in the aurora borealis is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13QPCh. 21 - Prob. 14QPCh. 21 - Prob. 15QPCh. 21 - Prob. 16QPCh. 21 - What causes the polar ozone holes?Ch. 21 - How do volcanic eruptions contribute to ozone...Ch. 21 - Prob. 19QPCh. 21 - Discuss the effectiveness of some of the CFC...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21QPCh. 21 - Prob. 22QPCh. 21 - Prob. 23QPCh. 21 - Prob. 24QPCh. 21 - Prob. 25QPCh. 21 - Prob. 26QPCh. 21 - Prob. 27QPCh. 21 - Prob. 28QPCh. 21 - Prob. 29QPCh. 21 - Prob. 30QPCh. 21 - Prob. 31QPCh. 21 - Prob. 32QPCh. 21 - Describe three human activities that generate...Ch. 21 - Prob. 34QPCh. 21 - Prob. 35QPCh. 21 - Prob. 36QPCh. 21 - What effects do CFCs and their substitutes have on...Ch. 21 - Why are CFCs more effective greenhouse gases than...Ch. 21 - Prob. 39QPCh. 21 - Calcium oxide or quicklime ( CaO ) is used in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 41QPCh. 21 - 21.42 List three detrimental effects of acid...Ch. 21 - 21.43 Briefly discuss two industrial processes...Ch. 21 - Discuss ways to curb acid rain.Ch. 21 - Prob. 45QPCh. 21 - Prob. 46QPCh. 21 - Prob. 47QPCh. 21 - Identify the gas that is responsible for the brown...Ch. 21 - 21.49 The safety limits of ozone and carbon...Ch. 21 - Prob. 50QPCh. 21 - Prob. 51QPCh. 21 - 21.52 The gas-phase decomposition of peroxyacetyl...Ch. 21 - 21.53 On a smoggy day in a certain city. the ozone...Ch. 21 - Prob. 54QPCh. 21 - What is the best way to deal with indoor...Ch. 21 - Why is it dangerous to idle a car's engine in a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 57QPCh. 21 - Prob. 58QPCh. 21 - Prob. 59QPCh. 21 - Prob. 60APCh. 21 - Prob. 61APCh. 21 - Prob. 62APCh. 21 - Prob. 63APCh. 21 - Prob. 64APCh. 21 - 21.65 How are past temperatures determined from...Ch. 21 - The balance between SO 2 and SO 3 is important in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 67APCh. 21 - 21.68 A glass of water initially at pH 7.0 is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 69APCh. 21 - 21.70 Instead of monitoring carbon dioxide,...Ch. 21 - Describe the removal of SO 2 by CaO (to form CaSO...Ch. 21 - 21.72 Which of the following settings is the most...Ch. 21 - Prob. 73APCh. 21 - Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) undergoes thermal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 75APCh. 21 - Prob. 76APCh. 21 - 21.77 The carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere...Ch. 21 - Prob. 78APCh. 21 - Prob. 79APCh. 21 - 21.80 A person was found dead of carbon monoxide...Ch. 21 - Prob. 81APCh. 21 - Prob. 82APCh. 21 - The molar heat capacity of a diatomic molecule is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 84APCh. 21 - Prob. 85APCh. 21 - Prob. 86APCh. 21 - Prob. 1SEPPCh. 21 - Prob. 2SEPPCh. 21 - Prob. 3SEPPCh. 21 - Prob. 4SEPP
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- To balance the chemical equation Fe,O3 + CO → Fe + CO2, you could introduce coefficients a, b, c, d and write aFe20з + bCО — сFe + dCО2 then write linear equations for each element. The equation for Fe would be: The equation for O would be:arrow_forwardBecause carbon and silicon are both elements in group 14 on the periodic table, we expect them to react with other elements in similar ways. To some extent, they do, but in some cases, carbon and silicon compounds that seem to have analogous structures have very different chemical characteristics. For example, carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, is very stable in the presence of water, but silicon tetrachloride, SiCl4, reacts quickly with water. The unbalanced equation for this reaction is SiCl4 + H2O → Si(OH)4 + HCl Balance this equation. Write a conversion factor that could be used to convert between moles of SiCl4 and moles of H2O. How many moles of SiCl4 react with 24 moles of water? Write a conversion factor that could be used to convert between moles of Si(OH)4 and moles of water. How many moles of Si(OH)4 form when 4.01 moles of H2O react with an excess of SiCl4?arrow_forwardWhat is the theoretical yield of ammonia (in grams) if 16.55 grams of nitrogen gas and 10.15 grams of hydrogen gas are allowed to react? The enthalpy of this reaction is 92.22 kj.arrow_forward
- The sun supplies energy at a rate of about 1.0 kilowatt per square meter of surface area (1 watt = 1 J/s). The plants in an agricultural field produce the equivalent of 23 kg of sucrose (C12H22 O11) per hour per hectare (1 ha = 10,000 m²). Assuming that sucrose is produced by the reaction 12CO₂(g) + 11H₂O(l) → C12H22 O11 (8) + 1202 (9) AH = 5640 kJ calculate the percentage of sunlight used to produce the sucrose - that is, determine the efficiency of photosynthesis in this field. Percent efficiency = %arrow_forwardMuch of the U.S. electricity is generated in thermal generating stations that burn fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas. The use of solar-powered generating stations is expected to increase over the next decade and replace older fossil-fuel generating stations. What impact might this change have on greenhouse gas emissions?arrow_forwardA commercial 737 jet transporting 143 passengers and 5 crew members from Kansas city (MCI) to Baltimore (BWI) burned 11800 lb. of Jet A fuel. Jet A fuel is kerosene based, consisting primarily of CnH2n+2 hydrocarbons, with n = 6 to 16, so the Carbon:Hydrogen ratio is close to 1:2. During this flight , how much CO2 (in kg) was released into the atmosphere? (assume the combustion of fuel was complete, so all fuel was converted into H2O and CO2).arrow_forward
- What is the theoretical yield of ammonia (in grams) if 16.55 grams of nitrogen gas and 10.15 grams of hydrogen gas are allowed to react? The enthalpy of this reaction is 92.22 kj. Use dimensional analysisarrow_forwardWe can use Hess's Law (and some creativity!) to learn about the energetics of reactions that occur in remote environments. Consider the atmospheric reaction, NO + O → NO₂ (a) Use the dissociation energy of O2, 498.34 kJ/mol, and the standard heats of formation for NO (+90.25 kJ/mol) and NO₂ (+33.18 kJ/mol) to derive the enthalpy change for this reaction. QUESTION 14 (b) The two bonds in NO2 are equivalent, and we can use the bond strength of N₂, 945 kJ/mol, and the information given in part (a) to determine ArxnH for N+O+O→ NO₂ From this ArxnH, estimate the bond strength of each of the resulting N-O bonds in kJ/mol. (Note: Your answer for this part does not necessarily depend on your answer to part a).arrow_forwardWe can use Hess's Law (and some creativity!) to learn about the energetics of reactions that occur in remote environments. Consider the atmospheric reaction, NO + O → NO2 (a) Use the dissociation energy of O2, 498.34 kJ/mol, and the standard heats of formation for NO (+90.25 kJ/mol) and NO2 (+33.18 kJ/mol) to derive the enthalpy change for this reaction.arrow_forward
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