1 SEM CARDLESS ACC W/RAVEN TEXT
1 SEM CARDLESS ACC W/RAVEN TEXT
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781265321062
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 21, Problem 3S
Summary Introduction

To draw:

The relationship between the beak depth of parents and offsprings in the Fig, 21.2 b “Evidence that natural selection alters beak shape in the medium ground finch, Geospiza fortis”, given that they have no genetic bases.

Introduction:

The phenotypic similarities seen between parents and offsprings are mostly because these traits are inheritable. However, this could be due to other external factors too like diet, habitat and more. Moreover, many a times the phenotypic traits of parents and offsprings could be dissimilar too.

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Peter Boag, studied the inheritance of beak depth in Galapagos finches by looking at the relationship between parent beak depth (in mm) and that of their offspring.  He collected two sets of parent offspring data, once in 1976 and again in 1978.  For both years he followed birds to determine which pairs belonged to which nests. Most of the parents had been previously captured so their beak depths were known.  He then captured the offspring when they fledged and measured their beak depth.  He calculated the "midparent" beak depth (the average beak depth of the two parents) and then compared that to beak depth of their offspring. Here is what he found in 1976:   Assume that in 1978, all the finches with beak depths less than 9.0 mm died due to prolonged drought. Use your knowledge of how quantitative traits respond to selection and the following relationship, R = h2S, to determine the following: Selection differential.                                                 Predicted response…
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In the nematode C. elegans, homozygosity for the e mutant allele causes an extreme "uncoordinated" phenotype, where the worm completely loses its ability to move. Examination of 100 individuals with genotype e/e reveals that 60 mutant worm can't move at all, 35 show a very reduced ability to move, and the remaining 5 seem to have a completely wild-type phenotype with respect to movement ability. These observations suggest that e has O incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity O low expressivity and variable penetrance Ohigh expressivity and variable penetrance O high penetrance and incomplete expressivity
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