The effect on the Grignard reagent in the reaction of one equivalent of methylmagnesium iodide with ethyl acetoacetate is to be explained and the location of deuterium in the recovered ethyl acetoacetate is to be identified. Concept introduction: Grignard reagents react with ketones and aldehydes to form alcohols. These reactions are nucleophilic addition reactions. The Grignard reagent adds to the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones due to electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen. A molecule that consists of a ketone group on the β- carbon atom of an ester is generally known as β- keto ester. It contains an active methylene group between two carbonyl groups in its structure. Diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate are some examples of β- keto ester.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 34P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the Grignard reagent in the reaction of one equivalent of methylmagnesium iodide with ethyl acetoacetate is to be explained and the location of deuterium in the recovered ethyl acetoacetate is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents react with ketones and aldehydes to form alcohols. These reactions are nucleophilic addition reactions.

The Grignard reagent adds to the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones due to electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen.

A molecule that consists of a ketone group on the β- carbon atom of an ester is generally known as β- keto ester. It contains an active methylene group between two carbonyl groups in its structure.

Diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate are some examples of β- keto ester.

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A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M. Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth, the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0. Assumptions: Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid H H :0:0: H-C-C H :0: O-H Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water. Temperature is 25°C 1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to include state symbols.…

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 34P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the Grignard reagent in the reaction of one equivalent of methylmagnesium iodide with ethyl acetoacetate is to be explained and the location of deuterium in the recovered ethyl acetoacetate is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents react with ketones and aldehydes to form alcohols. These reactions are nucleophilic addition reactions.

The Grignard reagent adds to the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones due to electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen.

A molecule that consists of a ketone group on the β- carbon atom of an ester is generally known as β- keto ester. It contains an active methylene group between two carbonyl groups in its structure.

Diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate are some examples of β- keto ester.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 34P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the Grignard reagent in the reaction of one equivalent of methylmagnesium iodide with ethyl acetoacetate is to be explained and the location of deuterium in the recovered ethyl acetoacetate is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents react with ketones and aldehydes to form alcohols. These reactions are nucleophilic addition reactions.

The Grignard reagent adds to the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones due to electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen.

A molecule that consists of a ketone group on the β- carbon atom of an ester is generally known as β- keto ester. It contains an active methylene group between two carbonyl groups in its structure.

Diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate are some examples of β- keto ester.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 34P

Interpretation Introduction