The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of A to B. Concept introduction: Michael reaction: The nucleophile is reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound (1,4 –addtion) which yield the addition product is called Michael reaction.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of A to B.

Concept introduction:

Michael reaction:

The nucleophile is reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound (1,4 –addtion) which yield the addition product is called Michael reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of B to C.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of C to D.

Concept introduction:

Chlorination: Alcohols reaction with thionyl chloride gives chlorinated compound.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the conversion of E to F and the formation of methyl chloride has to be shown through mechanism.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of F to Fluoxetine.

Concept introduction:

Hydrolysis: Amide undergoes hydrolysis using base like sodium hydroxide gives acid.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule.

Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

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In an experiment, the viscosity of water was measured at different temperatures and the table was constructed from the data obtained. a) Calculate the activation energy of viscous flow (kJ/mol). b) Calculate the viscosity at 30°C. T/°C 0 20 40 60 80 η/cpoise 1,972 1,005 0,656 0,469 0,356

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of A to B.

Concept introduction:

Michael reaction:

The nucleophile is reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound (1,4 –addtion) which yield the addition product is called Michael reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of B to C.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of C to D.

Concept introduction:

Chlorination: Alcohols reaction with thionyl chloride gives chlorinated compound.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the conversion of E to F and the formation of methyl chloride has to be shown through mechanism.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of F to Fluoxetine.

Concept introduction:

Hydrolysis: Amide undergoes hydrolysis using base like sodium hydroxide gives acid.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule.

Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of A to B.

Concept introduction:

Michael reaction:

The nucleophile is reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound (1,4 –addtion) which yield the addition product is called Michael reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of B to C.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of C to D.

Concept introduction:

Chlorination: Alcohols reaction with thionyl chloride gives chlorinated compound.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the conversion of E to F and the formation of methyl chloride has to be shown through mechanism.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of F to Fluoxetine.

Concept introduction:

Hydrolysis: Amide undergoes hydrolysis using base like sodium hydroxide gives acid.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule.

Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of A to B.

Concept introduction:

Michael reaction:

The nucleophile is reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound (1,4 –addtion) which yield the addition product is called Michael reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of B to C.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of C to D.

Concept introduction:

Chlorination: Alcohols reaction with thionyl chloride gives chlorinated compound.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the conversion of E to F and the formation of methyl chloride has to be shown through mechanism.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of F to Fluoxetine.

Concept introduction:

Hydrolysis: Amide undergoes hydrolysis using base like sodium hydroxide gives acid.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule.

Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of A to B.

Concept introduction:

Michael reaction:

The nucleophile is reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound (1,4 –addtion) which yield the addition product is called Michael reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of B to C.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of C to D.

Concept introduction:

Chlorination: Alcohols reaction with thionyl chloride gives chlorinated compound.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the conversion of E to F and the formation of methyl chloride has to be shown through mechanism.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of F to Fluoxetine.

Concept introduction:

Hydrolysis: Amide undergoes hydrolysis using base like sodium hydroxide gives acid.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule.

Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of A to B.

Concept introduction:

Michael reaction:

The nucleophile is reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound (1,4 –addtion) which yield the addition product is called Michael reaction.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of A to B.

Concept introduction:

Michael reaction:

The nucleophile is reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound (1,4 –addtion) which yield the addition product is called Michael reaction.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of B to C.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of B to C.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of C to D.

Concept introduction:

Chlorination: Alcohols reaction with thionyl chloride gives chlorinated compound.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of C to D.

Concept introduction:

Chlorination: Alcohols reaction with thionyl chloride gives chlorinated compound.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the conversion of E to F and the formation of methyl chloride has to be shown through mechanism.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the conversion of E to F and the formation of methyl chloride has to be shown through mechanism.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of F to Fluoxetine.

Concept introduction:

Hydrolysis: Amide undergoes hydrolysis using base like sodium hydroxide gives acid.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of F to Fluoxetine.

Concept introduction:

Hydrolysis: Amide undergoes hydrolysis using base like sodium hydroxide gives acid.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule.

Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule.

Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Answer 18

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Answer 19

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Answer 20

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Answer 21

Ch. 21.2 - Construct a Frost circle for a planar...Ch. 21.2 - Which compound gives a signal in the 1H-NMR...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 21.5P Ch. 21.4 - Arrange these compounds in order of increasing...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. AQ Ch. 21.4 - Prob. BQ Ch. 21.4 - Prob. CQ Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 21.7P

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of A to B. Concept introduction: Michael reaction: The nucleophile is reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound (1,4 –addtion) which yield the addition product is called Michael reaction.

Solution Summary: The author explains that the reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of A to B.

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of A to B.

Concept introduction:

Michael reaction:

The nucleophile is reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound (1,4 –addtion) which yield the addition product is called Michael reaction.

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of B to C.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of C to D.

Concept introduction:

Chlorination: Alcohols reaction with thionyl chloride gives chlorinated compound.

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the conversion of E to F and the formation of methyl chloride has to be shown through mechanism.

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of F to Fluoxetine.

Concept introduction:

Hydrolysis: Amide undergoes hydrolysis using base like sodium hydroxide gives acid.

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Chapter 21 Solutions

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of A to B. Concept introduction: Michael reaction: The nucleophile is reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound (1,4 –addtion) which yield the addition product is called Michael reaction.

Solution Summary: The author explains that the reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of A to B.

Interpretation: The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of A to B. Concept introduction: Michael reaction: The nucleophile is reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound (1,4 –addtion) which yield the addition product is called Michael reaction.

Interpretation: The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of B to C. Concept introduction: Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Interpretation: The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of C to D. Concept introduction: Chlorination: Alcohols reaction with thionyl chloride gives chlorinated compound.

Interpretation: The mechanism has to be proposed for the conversion of E to F and the formation of methyl chloride has to be shown through mechanism.

Interpretation: The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of F to Fluoxetine. Concept introduction: Hydrolysis: Amide undergoes hydrolysis using base like sodium hydroxide gives acid.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 21 Solutions

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of A to B.

Concept introduction:

Michael reaction:

The nucleophile is reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound (1,4 –addtion) which yield the addition product is called Michael reaction.

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of B to C.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of C to D.

Concept introduction:

Chlorination: Alcohols reaction with thionyl chloride gives chlorinated compound.

Interpretation:

The mechanism has to be proposed for the conversion of E to F and the formation of methyl chloride has to be shown through mechanism.

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be proposed for the conversion of F to Fluoxetine.

Concept introduction:

Hydrolysis: Amide undergoes hydrolysis using base like sodium hydroxide gives acid.