Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781133958437
Author: Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 21, Problem 21.53E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The lattice energy of
Concept introduction:
The amount of energy released when one formula unit moles of oppositely charged gaseous ions binds together to form a crystal is known as the Lattice energy. The value of lattice energy is negative. It is used as the measure for stability of a crystal.
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For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the
benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene.
Molecule
Inductive Effects
Resonance Effects
Overall Electron-Density
×
NO2
○ donating
O donating
O withdrawing
O withdrawing
O electron-rich
electron-deficient
no inductive effects
O no resonance effects
O similar to benzene
E
[
CI
O donating
withdrawing
O no inductive effects
Explanation
Check
○ donating
withdrawing
no resonance effects
electron-rich
electron-deficient
O similar to benzene
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Understanding how substituents activate
Rank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic
aromatic substitution.
Explanation
HN
NH2
Check
X
(Choose one)
(Choose one)
(Choose one)
(Choose one)
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Identifying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects on benzene
For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the
benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene.
Inductive Effects
Resonance Effects
Overall Electron-Density
Molecule
CF3
O donating
O donating
O withdrawing
O withdrawing
O no inductive effects
O no resonance effects
electron-rich
electron-deficient
O similar to benzene
CH3
O donating
O withdrawing
O no inductive effects
O donating
O withdrawing
Ono resonance effects
O electron-rich
O electron-deficient
O similar to benzene
Explanation
Check
Х
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.1ECh. 21 - Boron nitride, BN, is a very hard material, harder...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.4ECh. 21 - Figure 21.35 shows a unit cell of diamond....Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.6ECh. 21 - How many different unit cells can a crystal have...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.8ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.9ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.10E
Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.11ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.12ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.13ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.14ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.15ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.16ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.17ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.18ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.19ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.20ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.21ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.22ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.23ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.24ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.25ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.26ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.27ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.28ECh. 21 - For a simple cubic lattice, what is the ratio of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.30ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.31ECh. 21 - Consider Figure 21.21. If the lower rightmost...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.33ECh. 21 - The aluminum-nickel alloy AlNi has a simple cubic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.35ECh. 21 - The first two signals from a powdered sample has X...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.37ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.38ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.39ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.40ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.41ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.42ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.43ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.44ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.45ECh. 21 - What is the coordination number in the cesium...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.47ECh. 21 - Which solid phase that is, which allotrope of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.49ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.50ECh. 21 - Write Born-Haber cycles showing the relationship...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.52ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.53ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.54ECh. 21 - The lattice energy for potassium iodide, KI, is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.56ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.57ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.58ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.59ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.60ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.61ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.62ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.63ECh. 21 - Prob. 21.64E
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- For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects O donating O withdrawing O no inductive effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density ○ donating ○ withdrawing O no resonance effects O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene Cl O donating O withdrawing ○ donating ○ withdrawing O no inductive effects O no resonance effects O Explanation Check O electron-rich O electron-deficient similar to benzene X © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessarrow_forwardIdentifying electron-donating and For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects NH2 ○ donating NO2 Explanation Check withdrawing no inductive effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density ○ donating O withdrawing O no resonance effects O donating O withdrawing O donating withdrawing O no inductive effects Ono resonance effects O electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene olo 18 Ar 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibilityarrow_forwardRank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. Explanation Check Х (Choose one) OH (Choose one) OCH3 (Choose one) OH (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Centerarrow_forward
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