Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)

9th Edition

ISBN: 9781305116399

Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher: Cengage Learning

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Diatomic Gas

Molecule, is a collection of two or more atoms together (which constitute the smallest observable unit) into a pure material. There are some ways to represent the structure of a molecule. Factor symbols represent atoms in Lewis structures, and dots repre…

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Chapter 21, Problem 21.21P

Review. This problem is a continuation of Problem 39 in Chapter 19. A hot-air balloon consists of an envelope of constant volume 400 m³. Not including tire air inside, the balloon and cargo have mass 200 kg. The air outside and originally inside is a diatomic ideal gas at 10.0°C and 101 kPa, with density 1.25 kg/m³. A propane burner at the center of the spherical envelope injects energy into the air inside. The air inside stays at constant pressure. Hot air, at just the temperature required to make the balloon lift off, starts to fill the envelope at its closed top, rapidly enough so that negligible energy flows by heat to the cool air below it or out through the wall of the balloon. Air at 10°C leaves through an opening at the bottom of the envelope until the whole balloon is filled with hot air at uniform temperature. Then the burner is shut off and the balloon rises from the ground. (a) Evaluate the quantity of energy the burner must transfer to the air in the balloon. (b) The “heat value” of propane—the internal energy released by burning each kilogram—is 50.3 MJ/kg. What mass of propane must be burned?

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Chapter 21, Problem 21.20P

Chapter 21, Problem 21.22P

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13.87 ... Interplanetary Navigation. The most efficient way to send a spacecraft from the earth to another planet is by using a Hohmann transfer orbit (Fig. P13.87). If the orbits of the departure and destination planets are circular, the Hohmann transfer orbit is an elliptical orbit whose perihelion and aphelion are tangent to the orbits of the two planets. The rockets are fired briefly at the depar- ture planet to put the spacecraft into the transfer orbit; the spacecraft then coasts until it reaches the destination planet. The rockets are then fired again to put the spacecraft into the same orbit about the sun as the destination planet. (a) For a flight from earth to Mars, in what direction must the rockets be fired at the earth and at Mars: in the direction of motion, or opposite the direction of motion? What about for a flight from Mars to the earth? (b) How long does a one- way trip from the the earth to Mars take, between the firings of the rockets? (c) To reach Mars from the…

Chapter 21 Solutions

Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)

Ch. 21 - Two containers hold an ideal gas at the same...Ch. 21 - (i) How does the internal energy of an ideal gas...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3QQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.4QQ Ch. 21 - Cylinder A contains oxygen (O2) gas, and cylinder...Ch. 21 - An ideal gas is maintained at constant pressure....Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3OQ Ch. 21 - A helium-filled latex balloon initially at room...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.5OQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.6OQ

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