Chapter 21, Problem 21.130EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The validation of the pairing of calcitriol and vitamin A has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin.  Vitamin A is found in eyes.  It participates in the development of sperm.  Calcitriol is the precursor of vitamin D.  Vitamin D can be taken from sunlight.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The validation of the pairing of retinoic acid and vitamin D has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Retinoic acid is the precursor of vitamin A.  Retinoic acid is formed from retinal.  Vitamin A helps in growth and reproduction, vision.  Vitamin D is obtained from sunlight.  It helps in strengthing of bones.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The validation of the pairing of phylloquinone and vitamin E has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Phylloquinone is also known as vitamin K1.  Vitamin K helps in blood clotting and the formation of prothrombin.  Vitamin E is obtained from vegetable oil, seeds and nuts.  Vitamin E functions as an anti-oxidant in the human body.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The validation of the pairing of tocopherol and vitamin K has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Vitamin K exists in different forms but all the forms have methylated napthoquinone structure.  Some of the forms of Vitamin K are vitamin ${\text{K}}_{\text{1}}$ and vitamin ${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}$.  Tocopherol is the class of vitamin E.  There are four types of tocopherols: alpha, beta, delta, and gamma.