Chapter 21, Problem 151CP

 (a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structures of the final products formed in the following reactions are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Organic compounds are synthesized through organic reactions. The different types of reactions in organic chemistry are elimination reaction, substitution reaction, addition reactions and many more. Addition reactions are takes place when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. Elimination reactions occur when a reactant broke down into two or more products and the substitution reactions takes place by an exchange in the reactants.

To determine: The structure of ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The structure of ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$ is shown in Figure 1.

The structure of ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$ is,

Figure 1

The given reactant is ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$. As the monochlorination of the given reactant give two pairs of enantiomers. Therefore, the given reactant is $\text{2-methyl-butane}$ which consist of a parent chain of four carbon atoms having methyl group on second carbon whose structure is shown in Figure 1.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structures of the final products formed in the following reactions are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Organic compounds are synthesized through organic reactions. The different types of reactions in organic chemistry are elimination reaction, substitution reaction, addition reactions and many more. Addition reactions are takes place when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. Elimination reactions occur when a reactant broke down into two or more products and the substitution reactions takes place by an exchange in the reactants.

To determine: The structure of ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}$.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The structure of ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}$ is shown in Figure 2.

The structure of ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}$ is,

Figure 2

The given reactant reacts with water to form tertiary alcohol as the major product. As tertiary alcohols are formed by the dehydration of alkenes in which water add across the double bond. Therefore, the reactant should contain double bond. Hence, the reactant with ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}$ is $\text{2-methyl-1-propene}$ whose structure is shown in Figure 2.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structures of the final products formed in the following reactions are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Organic compounds are synthesized through organic reactions. The different types of reactions in organic chemistry are elimination reaction, substitution reaction, addition reactions and many more. Addition reactions are takes place when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. Elimination reactions occur when a reactant broke down into two or more products and the substitution reactions takes place by an exchange in the reactants.

To determine: The two possible structures of ${\text{C}}_{\text{7}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The two possible structures of ${\text{C}}_{\text{7}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$ are shown in Figure 3.

The two possible structures of ${\text{C}}_{\text{7}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$ are,

Figure 3

The given chemical formula is ${\text{C}}_{\text{7}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$ and the major product formed in the reaction between ${\text{C}}_{\text{7}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$ and hydrochloric acid is $\text{1-chloro-1-methylcyclohexane}$. As the product contains cyclohexane it shows the presence of cyclohexane in the reactant molecule. The reaction between ${\text{C}}_{\text{7}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$ and hydrochloric acid is an electrophilic addition reaction which indicate the reactant should possess double bond. Hence, the possible structures of ${\text{C}}_{\text{7}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}$ for this reaction are shown in Figure 3.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structures of the final products formed in the following reactions are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Organic compounds are synthesized through organic reactions. The different types of reactions in organic chemistry are elimination reaction, substitution reaction, addition reactions and many more. Addition reactions are takes place when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. Elimination reactions occur when a reactant broke down into two or more products and the substitution reactions takes place by an exchange in the reactants.

To determine: The structure of hydrocarbon reacted with ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The structure of hydrocarbon is shown in Figure 4.

The structure of hydrocarbon is,

Figure 4

The given hydrocarbon reacts with water which is further oxidized to give acetone. Therefore, the given hydrocarbon should be alkene which is propene as the major product is $\text{2-propanone}$. Propene first reacts with water to form isopropyl alcohol which is further oxidized to give acetone as the major product.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structures of the final products formed in the following reactions are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Organic compounds are synthesized through organic reactions. The different types of reactions in organic chemistry are elimination reaction, substitution reaction, addition reactions and many more. Addition reactions are takes place when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. Elimination reactions occur when a reactant broke down into two or more products and the substitution reactions takes place by an exchange in the reactants.

To determine: The possible structures for ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}\text{O}$.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The first possible structure for ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}\text{O}$ is shown in Figure 5.

The first possible structure for ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}\text{O}$ is,

Figure 5

The major product for this reaction is carboxylic acid. Carboxylic acids are formed from the oxidation of alcohols. Therefore, the reactant should contain an alcoholic group. The chemical formula for the given reactant is ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}\text{O}$. Hence, the reactant should be pentanol whose structure is shown in Figure 5.

The second possible structure for ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}\text{O}$ is shown in Figure 6.

The second possible structure for ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}\text{O}$ is,

Figure 6

The isomer for the given reactant ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}\text{O}$ is $\text{3-methylbutanol}$ that is oxidized to give carboxylic acid.

The third possible structure for ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}\text{O}$ is shown in Figure 7.

The third possible structure for ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}\text{O}$ is,

Figure 7

The isomer for the given reactant ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}\text{O}$ is $\text{2-methylbutanol}$ that is oxidized to give carboxylic acid.

The fourth possible structure for ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}\text{O}$ is shown in Figure 8.

The fourth possible structure for ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}\text{O}$ is,

Figure 8

The isomer for the given reactant ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}\text{O}$ is $\text{2,2-dimethylpropanol}$ that is oxidized to give carboxylic acid.