Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 20.2, Problem 3TC
As part of a study on the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and the microbiome, researchers analyzed samples from the digestive tracts or 20 sets of identical twins in which one twin had the disease and the other did not. The researchers were able to determine the microbial diversity in each sample. Do you expect that samples from the healthy group will differ from samples from the ill group? If so, in what way? Why? Why did the researchers use twins in this study?
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The metabolic pathway below is used for the production of the purine nucleotides adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP) in eukaryotic cells. Assume each arrow represents a reaction catalyzed by a different enzyme. Using the principles of feedback inhibition, propose a regulatory scheme for this pathway that ensures an adequate supply of both AMP and GMP, and prevents the buildup of Intermediates A through G when supplies of both AMP and GMP are adequate.
QUESTION 27
Label the structures marked A, B, C and explain the role of structure A.
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plasma membrane
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 20.1 - describe some differences between bacteria and...Ch. 20.1 - describe the typical sizes and shapes of...Ch. 20.2 - What might explain the observation that most...Ch. 20.2 - Unwelcome Dinner Guests A few of the bacteria that...Ch. 20.2 - Some of the enzymes that have important uses in...Ch. 20.2 - Unpleasant breath odors are caused mainly by...Ch. 20.2 - As part of a study on the relationship between...Ch. 20.2 - What is the main advantage of prokaryotic fission,...Ch. 20.2 - describe the range of environments inhabited by...Ch. 20.2 - describe adaptations that help protect prokaryotes...
Ch. 20.2 - explain how prokaryotes reproduce and exchange...Ch. 20.3 - If all of Earths nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes were...Ch. 20.3 - Unwelcome Dinner Guests Many of the bacteria...Ch. 20.3 - explain how prokaryotes affect animal and plant...Ch. 20.3 - explain prokaryotes role in nutrient recycling?Ch. 20.3 - describe how prokaryotes help clean up pollution?Ch. 20.3 - describe some of the pathogenic bacteria that...Ch. 20.4 - Why are viruses unable to replicate outside of a...Ch. 20.4 - Biotechnologists often use viruses to transfer...Ch. 20.4 - describe the structure and characteristics of...Ch. 20.4 - describe the effects they can have on host...Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 20.4 - Unwelcome Dinner Guests How do harmful bacteria...Ch. 20 - The name of the process by which DNA is...Ch. 20 - A community of prokaryotes surrounded by slime and...Ch. 20 - Which of the following statements about archaea is...Ch. 20 - Viruses a. are usually photosynthetic. b. consist...Ch. 20 - Applying fertilizer near an oil spill to Increase...Ch. 20 - ____________, have peptidoglycan in...Ch. 20 - Prokaryotic cells are ____________,...Ch. 20 - Many prokaryotes use ____________ to move about....Ch. 20 - ____________,bacteria inhabit environments that...Ch. 20 - Prokaryotes reproduce by ____________ and may...Ch. 20 - The plant nutrient ammonium is produced by...Ch. 20 - Cholera, gonorrhea, and pneumonia are some of the...Ch. 20 - A virus consists of a molecule of __________ or...Ch. 20 - Describe some of the ways in which prokaryotes...Ch. 20 - What are nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and what role...Ch. 20 - Describe some of the extreme environments in which...Ch. 20 - What is an endospore? What is its function?Ch. 20 - What is conjugation? What role do plasmids play in...Ch. 20 - Why are prokaryotes especially useful in...Ch. 20 - Describe the structure of a typical virus. How do...Ch. 20 - Describe some examples of how prokaryotes are...Ch. 20 - How do archaea and bacteria differ? How do...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1ACCh. 20 - Before the discovery of prions, many (perhaps...
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- examples of synamtomorphy.arrow_forwardE. Bar Graph Use the same technique to upload the completed image. We will use a different type of graph to derive additional information from the CO2 data (Fig A1.6.2) 1. Calculate the average rate of increase in COz concentration per year for the time intervals 1959-1969, 1969- 1979, etc. and write the results in the spaces provided. The value for 1959-1969 is provided for you as an example. 2. Plot the results as a bar graph. The 1959-1969 is plotted for you. 3. Choose the graph that looks the most like yours A) E BAR GRAPH We will use a different type of graph to derive additional information from the CU, data (rig. nive). Average Yearly Rate of Observatory, Hawall interval Rate of increase per year 1959-1969 0.9 1969-1979 1979-1989 1989-1999 1999-2009 Figure A1.6.2 1999-2009 *- mrame -11- -n4 P2 جية 1989-1999 1979-1989 1969-1979 1959-1969 This bar drawn for you as an example 1.0 CO, Average Increase/Year (ppmv) B) E BAR GRAPH We will use a different type of graph to derive…arrow_forwardUse the relationships you just described to compute the values needed to fill in the blanks in the table in Fig A1.4.1 depth (a) 1.0 cml 0.7 cml cm| base dimensions (b, c)| 1.0 cm| 1.0 cm| 1.0 cm 1.0 cm| 1.0 cm| 1.0 cm volume (V) 1.0_cm' cm'| cm'| density (p) 1.0 g/cm'| 1.0 g/cm 1.0 g/cm' mass (m)| 0.3 g Column 1: depth at 1.0 cm volume mass Column 2: depth at 0.7 cm volume mass Column 3: unknown depth depth volumearrow_forward
- San Andreas Transform Boundary Plate Motion The geologic map below of southern California shows the position of the famous San Andreas Fault, a transform plate boundary between the North American Plate (east side) and the Pacific Plate (west side). The relative motion between the plates is indicated by the half arrows along the transform plate boundary (i.e., the Pacific Plate is moving to the northwest relative to the North American Plate). Note the two bodies of Oligocene volcanic rocks (labeled Ov) on the map in the previous page located along either side of the San Andreas Fault. These rocks are about 23.5 million years old and were once one body of rock. They have been separated by displacement along the fault. 21. Based on the offset of these volcanic rocks, what is the average annual rate of relative plate motion in cm/yr? SAF lab 2.jpg Group of answer choices 0.67 cm/yr 2 cm/yr 6.7 cm/yr 1.5 cm/yr CALIFORNIA Berkeley San Francisco K Os Q San Andreas Fault Ov…arrow_forwardThese are NOT part of any graded assignment. Are there other examples of synapomorphy. What is it called when the traits retained are similar to ancestors?arrow_forwardPlease hand draw everying. Thank you! Draw a gram positive bacterial cell below. Your cell should have the following parts, labeled: A coccus shape A capsule The gram positive cell wall should have the peptidoglycan labeled, as well as its component parts (NAM, NAG, and teichoic acid) A cell membrane Fimbriae A nucleoid Ribosomes Inclusionsarrow_forward
- Draw a gram negative bacterial cell below. Your cell should have the following parts, labeled: A bacillus shape Fimbriae Amphitrichous flagella 2 membranes (outer and inner) The outer membrane should have lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with lipid A and O antigens Periplasmic space The thin peptidoglycan cell wall between the 2 membranes A nucleoid Ribosomes Inclusionsarrow_forwardBacterial species Cell wall type Example: S. mitis Gram positive S. epidermidis H. pylori M. bovis S. marcescens Shape and arrangement Coccus, streptococcus Drawing 0000000arrow_forwardDraw a gram positive bacterial cell below. Your cell should have the following parts, labeled: A coccus shape A capsule The gram positive cell wall should have the peptidoglycan labeled, as well as its component parts (NAM, NAG, and teichoic acid) A cell membrane Fimbriae A nucleoid Ribosomes Inclusionsarrow_forward
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