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Concept explainers
To determine:
The reason as to why antibiotics can be purchased without a prescription in some developing countries.
Introduction:
Antibiotics are the drugs that inhibit the growth of bacteria by interfering with their natural mechanism of the central dogma. The process of replication, transcription, and translation are altogether referred as the central dogma of life. Antibiotic drugs interfere with these processes of bacteria and inhibit their growth.
To determine:
Biological consequences that could result if people continue to purchase antibiotics without a prescription.
Introduction:
Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon which could result in making a microbe resistant to the effects of a certain medication. Antibiotic resistance can lead to untreatable pathogens.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology
- These are true about Veterinary Pharmacy, except: A) Animals can be prescribed human drugs B) The Green Book has list of drugs approved for animals C) Drugs are compounded for animals D) Animals have the same drug biodistributionarrow_forwardDo you think the United States can accomplish changes in how antibiotics are used in animal agriculture like those seen in Denmark? Why or why not? What are the main barriers to minimizing or ending antibiotic misuse in animal agriculture in the United States? How could these barriers be addressed?arrow_forwardWhy are the risks associated with antibiotics hard to understand? Please describe in detail with reasoning in a supporting paragraph.arrow_forward
- Some antibiotics are effective against only a limited range of organisms. What is a term you learned in the virtual lab that is used to describe this phenomenon and describe what it means.arrow_forwardWhy were tons of branded medicines shipped to South-East Asia while that part of the world produces a large percentage of the generic medicines used in humanitarian operationsarrow_forwardYou read in the news that an official from the World Health Organization predicted that if laws prohibiting antibiotics from being sold without a prescription were passed and enforced, then the rate of antibiotic resistance would "grind to a halt." Do you agree? Explain.arrow_forward
- In 2015, the WHO surveyed 10,000 people on the subject of drug resistance. Seventy-five percent of them said that antibiotic resistance is due to the human body becoming resistant to the drug. Explain how you would correct this misconception?arrow_forwardA fake country of Wathu has been giving a virus treatment tablet for free to poor citizens who exhibit symptoms. The tablet makes somewhat sick people feel a bit better and reduces the death rate of those who are extremely sick. Nobody sells counterfeit pills and no prescriptions are needed for the tablets. Some of the poor Wathu citizens are selling their treatment tablet to richer citizens for $400, which is what the rich citizens would have to pay to the treatment center per tablet. The marginal cost of production is $400. How would prohibiting these voluntary transfers of treatment tablets affect total surplus?arrow_forwardMiracle Mineral Solution (MMS) can cure AIDS, Ebola, cancer, and malaria. Or at least that the website tells potential customers. The inventor and chief advocate of the products is Jim Humble. There is little evidence to support the fact that MMS does anything to patients aside from making them feel worse than they did before they tried it. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is typical in its conclusions about the so-called miracle drug. The FDA is typical in its conclusions about the so-called miracle drug. The FDA identifies it as 28 percent sodium chlorite, which , when mixed with an acid (as recommended), produces a potent form of bleach. The product’s labels suggest high oral doses for the minimum effect. The FDA states the oral doses will produce nothing but nausea, vomiting, dehydration, and diarrhea. Humble claims to have “treated” 100,000 patients in Mexico and other parts of the world. It is also clear that MMS has been used on pancreatic and lung cancer patients…arrow_forward
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention considers antibioticresistance to be one of the world’s most pressing health problems. How can scientists help solve this problem? (Consider both technology and the general public.)arrow_forwardWhat is the best explanation for why a bacteriostatic treatment might be chosen over a bacteriocidal treatment? Bacteriostatic treatments will eliminate all bacteria while bacteriocidal treatments will only eliminate a portion of the bacteria. Bacteriostatic treatments typically have lower toxicity to the host when compared to bacteriocidal treatments. Bacteriostatic treatments will prevent all bacterial growth, while bacteriocidal treatments will permit some bacterial growth. Bacteriostatic treatments are typically more costly than bacteriocidal treatments.arrow_forwardIn the mid-1990s, researchers discovered an enzyme in HIV called protease. Once the enzyme's structure was known, researchers began developing drugs that fit into the active site and blocked it. This strategy for stopping HIV infections is an example of what phenomenon? OA) feedback regulation OB) competitive inhibition OC) immunization OD) allosteric regulationarrow_forward