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How do harmful bacteria get into our food? Marty foodborne illnesses result from consumption of contaminated beef. The intestinal tracts of about a third or the cattle in the United States carry bacteria that are harmful to humans, and these bacteria can be transmitted to humans when a meatpacker accidentally grinds some gut contents into hamburger. Similarly, chicken feces may splash onto eggs, setting the stage for harmful bacteria to enter the eggs through tiny cracks or when the consumer breaks the egg and its contents contact the shell. Produce such as lettuce, spinach, tomatoes, and melons can also become contaminated if farm fields are exposed to animal feces, which can be deposited by deer or wandering domestic animals or carried from nearby ranches and feedlots in dust or runoff. The warm, moist environments in which sprouts are grown provide excellent growing conditions for any harmful bacteria that may have been present on the seeds from which the sprouts were produced.
How can you protect yourself from the bacteria that share our food supply? It's easy: Clean, cook, and chill. Cleaning helps prevent the spread or pathogens. Wash your hands before preparing food, and wash all utensils and cutting boards after preparing each item. Thorough cooking is the best way to ensure that any bacteria present in food are killed. Meats, in particular, must be thoroughly cooked; food safety experts recommend using a meat thermometer to ensure that the thickest part of cooked pork or ground beef has reached 16CTF. The safe temperature for cuts or beef, veal, or lamb is 145°F; for all poultry, 165°F. The color or cooked meat can be an unreliable indicator of safety, but when a meat thermometer is unavailable, try to avoid eating meat that is still pink inside, especially ground beef. Fish should be cooked until it is opaque and flakes easily with a fork; cook eggs until both white and yolk are firm. Finally, keep stored food cold. Pathogens multiply most rapidly at temperatures between 4CT and 140CF. So get your groceries home from the store and into the refrigerator or freezer as quickly as possible. Don’t leave cooked leftovers unrefrigerated for more than 2 hours. Thaw frozen foods in the refrigerator or the microwave, not at room temperature. A little bit of attention to food safety can save you from unwelcome guests in your food.
CONSIDER THIS Consumer groups contend that we can improve food safety by giving government agencies additional funding and greater authority to inspect rood processing plants and order recalls of contaminated food. Opponents or such steps argue that we need not empower government agencies because the best protection against rood contamination is informed consumers, who will stop buying products from companies that have produced unsafe foods. Would you support or oppose additional government oversight of food safety?
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology
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- Explain: Healthy Cell Function Overview→ Briefly describe how a healthy cell usually works: metabolism (ATP production), pH balance, glycogen storage, ion transport, enzymes, etc. Gene Mutation and Genetics Part→ Focus on the autosomal recessive mutation and explain: How gene mutation affects the cell. How autosomal inheritance works. Compare the normal and mutated gene sequences simply. → Talk about possible consequences of a faulty hydrolytic enzyme.arrow_forwardCan you fill out those termsarrow_forwardExplain down bellow what happens to the cell: Decreased pH in mitochondria Increased ATP Decreased pH in cytosol Increased hydrolysis Decreasing glycogen and triglycerides Increased MAP kinase activity Poor ion transport → For each one:→ What normally happens?→ What is wrong now?→ How does it mess up the cell?arrow_forward
- An 1100 pound equine patient was given 20 mg/kg sucralfate 3 times a day, 2.8 mg/kg famotidine twice a day, and 10mg/kg doxycycline twice a day. Sucralfate comes as a 1 gm tablet, famotidine as 20 mg tablets, and doxycycline as 100mg tablets. All are in bottles of 100 tablets.How many total mg are needed for the patient and how many tablets of each would be needed to provide each dose?How many bottles of each would be needed to have available if this patient were to be on this drug regimen for 5 days?arrow_forwardThe patient needs a solution of 2.5% dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s solution to run at 75 ml/hr for at least the next 12hours. LRS comes in fluid bags of 500 ml, 1 Liter, 3 Liters and 5 Liters. How can a 2.5% solution be made by adding50% dextrose to the LRS?arrow_forward“Gretchen” was a 68-pound canine who came to the VMTH as small animal surgery patient. She receivedacepromazine, 0.2 mg/kg from a 10 mg/ml solution and oxymorphone, 0.08 mg/kg from a 1 mg/ml solution before surgery.What are the mechanisms of action of acepromazine and oxymorphone? Why would they be given together?How many mg provide each dose and how many ml of each of these solutions were given?arrow_forward
- After surgery, “Gretchen” was put on carprofen, 1 mg/pound bid (twice a day). The tablets come in 25, 75 and 100 mgsizes. Which size tablet would be appropriate?What is the mechanism of action of carprofen?An outpatient prescription was written for her so she would have enough for 10 days. How many tablets did she need?What information needs to be on her out-patient prescription?arrow_forwardJoden Koepp olor in chickens is due to incomplete dominance. BB = Black chicken, WW = White BLOOD TYPES Arhite chicken is In humans, Rh positive blood is dominant (R) over Rh negative blood (r). A man with type 0, Rh positive blood (whose mother had Rh negative blood), marries a woman with type AB, Rh negative blood. Several children were born. is? R R Genotypes Phenotypes RRR RR Rr Rr 4/16 RR R RR RK Rr Rr 4/16 rr 3/4 Rh posi 1/4 Rh negu 1/2 Rr rr rr rrrr 88 888 75 e genotype of the man? the genotype of the woman? The mother of the man had type AB blood.arrow_forwardPlease indentify the unknown organismarrow_forward
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