Chapter 20, Problem 57QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

In this subpart one must identify the functional group that is present in each molecule and thereby indicate the family of organic compounds to which the compound specifically belongs to.

Concept Introduction:

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry-IUPAC has developed a method for systematically naming organic compounds. The name given to a compound according to the IUPAC nomenclature consists of several parts the critical or the first part is to identify the main functional group present in a molecule in order to name it correctly. It allows the identification of the class of the compound easily possible without any ambiguity. The table indicating the main functional groups present in organic molecules can be summarized in the table below.

Table 1: The series of functional groups arranged in the decreasing order of the priority.

Answer to Problem 57QAP

Explanation of Solution

• The name given to a compound according to the IUPAC nomenclature consists of several parts.
1. The suffix that is used to indicate the main functional group of the structure.
2. Name of the chain that is used to identify the main carbon chain of the compound.
3. The prefixes that are used to indicate the substituent groups.
4. The numbers that are used to indicate the places at which the substituent groups, additional groups and the main functional groups are attached to the chain.

The IUPAC name of an aliphatic compound can easily be developed by following the steps stated below in the given order.

• The main functional group should be identified first.
• The root name for the principal chain should be selected.
• In the name of the chain, the suffix for the double or triple bond in the parent chain should be added.
• The substituent groups should be named.
• The name of the substituent groups should be added in the name of chain.
• The carbon atoms in the chain should be numbered.
• The minimum possible number is given to the main functional group present as a substituent in the chain.

Number of carbon atoms	Root name	Name of the correspondingHydrocarbon
1	meth	Methane
2	eth	Ethane
3	prop	Propane
4	but	Butane
5	pent	Pentane
6	hex	Hexane

Table 2: The root names used for the compounds according to the number of carbon atoms and the names of the corresponding hydrocarbons.

According to this explanation-NH₂ is the functional group of amine. This functional group is present in the main carbon chain of the example compound and hence resulting in absence of any substituent groups. Since there are only two carbon atoms in the main chain one should use the root name −eth in naming the compound.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

In this subpart one must identify the functional group that is present in each molecule and thereby indicate the family of organic compounds to which the compound specifically belongs to.

Concept Introduction:

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry-IUPAC has developed a method for systematically naming organic compounds. The name given to a compound according to the IUPAC nomenclature consists of several parts the critical or the first part is to identify the main functional group present in a molecule in order to name it correctly. It allows the identification of the class of the compound easily possible without any ambiguity. The table indicating the main functional groups present in organic molecules can be summarized in the table below.

Table 1: The series of functional groups arranged in the decreasing order of the priority.

Answer to Problem 57QAP

Explanation of Solution

• The name given to a compound according to the IUPAC nomenclature consists of several parts.
1. The suffix that is used to indicate the main functional group of the structure.
2. Name of the chain that is used to identify the main carbon chain of the compound.
3. The prefixes that are used to indicate the substituent groups.
4. The numbers that are used to indicate the places at which the substituent groups, additional groups and the main functional groups are attached to the chain.

• The IUPAC name of an aliphatic compound can easily be developed by following the steps stated below in the given order.
• Identifying the principal functional group.
• Selecting the main chain.
• Selecting the root name for the principal chain.
• Addition of the suffix for the double/triple bond in the main carbon chain to the name of the chain.
• Addition of the suffix used to indicate the principal functional group to the name of the chain.
• Naming the substituent groups.
• Adding the names of the substituent groups to the name of the chain.
• Numbering the carbon chain.
• Writing the numbers that are used to indicate the positions of the main functional group and the substituent groups in front of these groups.

Number of carbon atoms	Root name	Name of the correspondingHydrocarbon
1	meth	Methane
2	eth	Ethane
3	prop	Propane
4	but	Butane
5	pent	Pentane
6	hex	Hexane

Table 2: The root names used for the compounds according to the number of carbon atoms and the names of the corresponding hydrocarbons.

According to this explanation-OH is the functional group of an alcohol. This functional group is present in the main carbon chain of the example compound and hence resulting in absence of any substituent groups. Since there are only three carbon atoms in the main chain one should use the root name −prop in naming the compound. Also the −OH functional group is connected to the second carbon of the main chain and hence one must also indicate the position of −OH by using 2- as well.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

In this subpart one must identify the functional group that is present in each molecule and thereby indicate the family of organic compounds to which the compound specifically belongs to.

Concept Introduction:

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry-IUPAC has developed a method for systematically naming organic compounds. The name given to a compound according to the IUPAC nomenclature consists of several parts the critical or the first part is to identify the main functional group present in a molecule in order to name it correctly. It allows the identification of the class of the compound easily possible without any ambiguity. The table indicating the main functional groups present in organic molecules can be summarized in the table below.

Table 1: The series of functional groups arranged in the decreasing order of the priority.

Answer to Problem 57QAP

Explanation of Solution

• The name given to a compound according to the IUPAC nomenclature consists of several parts.
1. The suffix that is used to indicate the main functional group of the structure.
2. Name of the chain that is used to identify the main carbon chain of the compound.
3. The prefixes that are used to indicate the substituent groups.
4. The numbers that are used to indicate the places at which the substituent groups, additional groups and the main functional groups are attached to the chain.
The IUPAC name of an aliphatic compound can easily be developed by following the steps stated below in the given order.
5. The main functional group should be identified first.

The root name for the principal chain should be selected.

In the name of the chain, the suffix for the double or triple bond in the parent chain should be added.

The substituent groups should be named.

The name of the substituent groups should be added in the name of chain.

The carbon atoms in the chain should be numbered.

The minimum possible number is given to the main functional group present as a substituent in the chain.

Number of carbon atoms	Root name	Name of the correspondingHydrocarbon
1	meth	Methane
2	eth	Ethane
3	prop	Propane
4	but	Butane
5	pent	Pentane
6	hex	Hexane

Table 2: The root names used for the compounds according to the number of carbon atoms and the names of the corresponding hydrocarbons.

According to this explanation-COOH is the functional group of a carboxylic acid. This functional group is present in the main carbon chain of the example compound and hence resulting in absence of any substituent groups. Since there are only three carbon atoms in the main chain one should use the root name −prop in naming the compound. Also, the −COOH functional group is named as −oic acid in the IUPAC name.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

In this subpart one must identify the functional group that is present in each molecule and thereby indicate the family of organic compounds to which the compound specifically belongs to.

Concept Introduction:

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry-IUPAC has developed a method for systematically naming organic compounds. The name given to a compound according to the IUPAC nomenclature consists of several parts the critical or the first part is to identify the main functional group present in a molecule in order to name it correctly. It allows the identification of the class of the compound easily possible without any ambiguity. The table indicating the main functional groups present in organic molecules can be summarized in the table below.

Table 1: The series of functional groups arranged in the decreasing order of the priority.

Answer to Problem 57QAP

Explanation of Solution

• The name given to a compound according to the IUPAC nomenclature consists of several parts.
1. The suffix that is used to indicate the main functional group of the structure.
2. Name of the chain that is used to identify the main carbon chain of the compound.
3. The prefixes that are used to indicate the substituent groups.
4. The numbers that are used to indicate the places at which the substituent groups, additional groups and the main functional groups are attached to the chain.

The IUPAC name of an aliphatic compound can easily be developed by following the steps stated below in the given order.

• The main functional group should be identified first.
• The root name for the principal chain should be selected.
• In the name of the chain, the suffix for the double or triple bond in the parent chain should be added.
• The substituent groups should be named.
• The name of the substituent groups should be added in the name of chain.
• The carbon atoms in the chain should be numbered.
• The minimum possible number is given to the main functional group present as a substituent in the chain.

Number of carbon atoms	Root name	Name of the correspondingHydrocarbon
1	meth	Methane
2	eth	Ethane
3	prop	Propane
4	but	Butane
5	pent	Pentane
6	hex	Hexane

Table 2: The root names used for the compounds according to the number of carbon atoms and the names of the corresponding hydrocarbons.

According to this explanation- CHO is the functional group of a carboxylic acid. This functional group is present in the main carbon chain of the example compound and hence resulting in absence of any substituent groups. Since there are only two carbon atoms in the main chain one should use the root name −eth in naming the compound. Also, the −CHO functional group is named as −al in the IUPAC name.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

In this subpart one must identify the functional group that is present in each molecule and thereby indicate the family of organic compounds to which the compound specifically belongs to.

Concept Introduction:

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry-IUPAC has developed a method for systematically naming organic compounds. The name given to a compound according to the IUPAC nomenclature consists of several parts the critical or the first part is to identify the main functional group present in a molecule in order to name it correctly. It allows the identification of the class of the compound easily possible without any ambiguity. The table indicating the main functional groups present in organic molecules can be summarized in the table below.

Table 1: The series of functional groups arranged in the decreasing order of the priority.

Answer to Problem 57QAP

Explanation of Solution

• The name given to a compound according to the IUPAC nomenclature consists of several parts.
1. The suffix that is used to indicate the main functional group of the structure.
2. Name of the chain that is used to identify the main carbon chain of the compound.
3. The prefixes that are used to indicate the substituent groups.
4. The numbers that are used to indicate the places at which the substituent groups, additional groups and the main functional groups are attached to the chain.

The IUPAC name of an aliphatic compound can easily be developed by following the steps stated below in the given order.

• The main functional group should be identified first.
• The root name for the principal chain should be selected.
• In the name of the chain, the suffix for the double or triple bond in the parent chain should be added.
• The substituent groups should be named.
• The name of the substituent groups should be added in the name of chain.
• The carbon atoms in the chain should be numbered.
• The minimum possible number is given to the main functional group present as a substituent in the chain.

Number of carbon atoms	Root name	Name of the correspondingHydrocarbon
1	meth	Methane
2	eth	Ethane
3	prop	Propane
4	but	Butane
5	pent	Pentane
6	hex	Hexane

Table 2: The root names used for the compounds according to the number of carbon atoms and the names of the corresponding hydrocarbons.

In this case the main functionality is −COOR group. In this particular example the −R group is the benzyl group which has a CH₂ group attached to the benzene group.

benzyl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

In this subpart one must identify the functional group that is present in each molecule and thereby indicate the family of organic compounds to which the compound specifically belongs to.

Concept Introduction:

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry-IUPAC has developed a method for systematically naming organic compounds. The name given to a compound according to the IUPAC nomenclature consists of several parts the critical or the first part is to identify the main functional group present in a molecule in order to name it correctly. It allows the identification of the class of the compound easily possible without any ambiguity. The table indicating the main functional groups present in organic molecules can be summarized in the table below.

Table 1: The series of functional groups arranged in the decreasing order of the priority.

Answer to Problem 57QAP

Explanation of Solution

• The name given to a compound according to the IUPAC nomenclature consists of several parts.
1. The suffix that is used to indicate the main functional group of the structure.
2. Name of the chain that is used to identify the main carbon chain of the compound.
3. The prefixes that are used to indicate the substituent groups.
4. The numbers that are used to indicate the places at which the substituent groups, additional groups and the main functional groups are attached to the chain.
The IUPAC name of an aliphatic compound can easily be developed by following the steps stated below in the given order.
5. The main functional group should be identified first.

The root name for the principal chain should be selected.

In the name of the chain, the suffix for the double or triple bond in the parent chain should be added.

The substituent groups should be named.

The name of the substituent groups should be added in the name of chain.

The carbon atoms in the chain should be numbered.

The minimum possible number is given to the main functional group present as a substituent in the chain.

Number of carbon atoms	Root name	Name of the correspondingHydrocarbon
1	meth	Methane
2	eth	Ethane
3	prop	Propane
4	but	Butane
5	pent	Pentane
6	hex	Hexane

Table 2: The root names used for the compounds according to the number of carbon atoms and the names of the corresponding hydrocarbons.

According to this explanation C=O is the functional group of a carboxylic acid. This functional group is present in the main carbon chain of the example compound and hence resulting in absence of any substituent groups. Since there are only three carbon atoms in the main chain one should use the root name −prop in naming the compound. Also, the −C=O functional group is named as −one in the IUPAC name.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

In this subpart one must identify the functional group that is present in each molecule and thereby indicate the family of organic compounds to which the compound specifically belongs to.

Concept Introduction:

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry-IUPAC has developed a method for systematically naming organic compounds. The name given to a compound according to the IUPAC nomenclature consists of several parts the critical or the first part is to identify the main functional group present in a molecule in order to name it correctly. It allows the identification of the class of the compound easily possible without any ambiguity. The table indicating the main functional groups present in organic molecules can be summarized in the table below.

Table 1: The series of functional groups arranged in the decreasing order of the priority.

Answer to Problem 57QAP

Explanation of Solution

• The name given to a compound according to the IUPAC nomenclature consists of several parts.
1. The suffix that is used to indicate the main functional group of the structure.
2. Name of the chain that is used to identify the main carbon chain of the compound.
3. The prefixes that are used to indicate the substituent groups.
4. The numbers that are used to indicate the places at which the substituent groups, additional groups and the main functional groups are attached to the chain.
The IUPAC name of an aliphatic compound can easily be developed by following the steps stated below in the given order.
5. The main functional group should be identified first.

The root name for the principal chain should be selected.

In the name of the chain, the suffix for the double or triple bond in the parent chain should be added.

The substituent groups should be named.

The name of the substituent groups should be added in the name of chain.

The carbon atoms in the chain should be numbered.

The minimum possible number is given to the main functional group present as a substituent in the chain.

Number of carbon atoms	Root name	Name of the correspondingHydrocarbon
1	meth	Methane
2	eth	Ethane
3	prop	Propane
4	but	Butane
5	pent	Pentane
6	hex	Hexane

Table 2: The root names used for the compounds according to the number of carbon atoms and the names of the corresponding hydrocarbons.

A compound belonging to the class ether has the general form of R-O-R¹ where R, R¹ are the alkyl groups. R and R¹ groups can be the same like in this example where R- group is the ethyl group containing two carbons in the alkyl chain.