(a) Interpretation: The carboxylic acid among: fumaric acid and maleic acid, which forms a cyclic anhydride is to be stated. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated. Concept introduction: The general structure of carboxylic acid anhydrides is RCOOCOR' . Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method; a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The carboxylic acid among: fumaric acid and maleic acid, which forms a cyclic anhydride is to be stated. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The general structure of carboxylic acid anhydrides is RCOOCOR'. Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method; a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The carboxylic acid among: methylmalonic acid and 2, 3-dimethylbutanedioic acid which forms a cyclic anhydride on heating is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The general structure of carboxylic acid anhydrides is RCOOCOR'. Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method; a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

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Show how you would accomplish the following transformations. More than one step may be required. ow all reagents and all intermediate structures [one ONLY] A. H Br H CH3 NHz CH3 CH3 B. CH3CH2C-Br CH3CH2C-CN CH3 CH3.

Show how you would accomplish the following transformations. More than one step may be required. now all reagents and all intermediate structures [one ONLY] A. H Br H CH3 NHz CH3 CH3 B. CH3CH2C-Br CH3 CH3CH2C-CN CH3

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The carboxylic acid among: fumaric acid and maleic acid, which forms a cyclic anhydride is to be stated. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The general structure of carboxylic acid anhydrides is RCOOCOR'. Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method; a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The carboxylic acid among: methylmalonic acid and 2, 3-dimethylbutanedioic acid which forms a cyclic anhydride on heating is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The general structure of carboxylic acid anhydrides is RCOOCOR'. Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method; a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The carboxylic acid among: fumaric acid and maleic acid, which forms a cyclic anhydride is to be stated. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The general structure of carboxylic acid anhydrides is RCOOCOR'. Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method; a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The carboxylic acid among: methylmalonic acid and 2, 3-dimethylbutanedioic acid which forms a cyclic anhydride on heating is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The general structure of carboxylic acid anhydrides is RCOOCOR'. Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method; a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The carboxylic acid among: fumaric acid and maleic acid, which forms a cyclic anhydride is to be stated. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The general structure of carboxylic acid anhydrides is RCOOCOR'. Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method; a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The carboxylic acid among: methylmalonic acid and 2, 3-dimethylbutanedioic acid which forms a cyclic anhydride on heating is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The general structure of carboxylic acid anhydrides is RCOOCOR'. Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method; a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

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Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 20.19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The carboxylic acid among: fumaric acid and maleic acid, which forms a cyclic anhydride is to be stated. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The general structure of carboxylic acid anhydrides is RCOOCOR'. Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method; a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The carboxylic acid among: methylmalonic acid and 2, 3-dimethylbutanedioic acid which forms a cyclic anhydride on heating is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The general structure of carboxylic acid anhydrides is RCOOCOR'. Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method; a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 20.19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The carboxylic acid among: fumaric acid and maleic acid, which forms a cyclic anhydride is to be stated. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The general structure of carboxylic acid anhydrides is RCOOCOR'. Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method; a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 20.19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The carboxylic acid among: fumaric acid and maleic acid, which forms a cyclic anhydride is to be stated. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The general structure of carboxylic acid anhydrides is RCOOCOR'. Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method; a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The carboxylic acid among: methylmalonic acid and 2, 3-dimethylbutanedioic acid which forms a cyclic anhydride on heating is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The general structure of carboxylic acid anhydrides is RCOOCOR'. Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method; a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The carboxylic acid among: methylmalonic acid and 2, 3-dimethylbutanedioic acid which forms a cyclic anhydride on heating is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The general structure of carboxylic acid anhydrides is RCOOCOR'. Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method; a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Answer 10

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Answer 13

Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.1P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.2P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.3P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.4P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.5P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.6P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.7P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.8P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.9P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that maleic acid forms a cyclic anhydride because both the carboxyl groups are present on the same side of the double bond.

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