(a) Interpretation: The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown. Concept Introduction: Ethoxy group present in a compound gets protonated in presence of an acid. Protonated ethoxy group upon hydrolysis forms alcoholic compound. The ethoxy group is eliminated as alcoholic group.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.52AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Ethoxy group present in a compound gets protonated in presence of an acid. Protonated ethoxy group upon hydrolysis forms alcoholic compound. The ethoxy group is eliminated as alcoholic group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound bearing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is compound containing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.52AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Ethoxy group present in a compound gets protonated in presence of an acid. Protonated ethoxy group upon hydrolysis forms alcoholic compound. The ethoxy group is eliminated as alcoholic group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound bearing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is compound containing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.52AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Ethoxy group present in a compound gets protonated in presence of an acid. Protonated ethoxy group upon hydrolysis forms alcoholic compound. The ethoxy group is eliminated as alcoholic group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound bearing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is compound containing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.52AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Ethoxy group present in a compound gets protonated in presence of an acid. Protonated ethoxy group upon hydrolysis forms alcoholic compound. The ethoxy group is eliminated as alcoholic group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound bearing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is compound containing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

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Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 20.52AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Ethoxy group present in a compound gets protonated in presence of an acid. Protonated ethoxy group upon hydrolysis forms alcoholic compound. The ethoxy group is eliminated as alcoholic group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound bearing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is compound containing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 20.52AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Ethoxy group present in a compound gets protonated in presence of an acid. Protonated ethoxy group upon hydrolysis forms alcoholic compound. The ethoxy group is eliminated as alcoholic group.

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 20.52AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Ethoxy group present in a compound gets protonated in presence of an acid. Protonated ethoxy group upon hydrolysis forms alcoholic compound. The ethoxy group is eliminated as alcoholic group.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound bearing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound bearing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is compound containing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is compound containing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Answer 18

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Answer 19

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one group is replaced by the nucleophile. Electrophile is the compound possesing electron deficient carbon centre and nucleophile is the compound which is electron rich. The leaving group is the group which gets replaced by the nucleophile.

Answer 20

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Answer 21

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Answer 22

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Answer 23

Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.1P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.2P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.3P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.4P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.5P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.6P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.7P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.8P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.9P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.10P

(a) Interpretation: The curved arrow mechanism of the given reaction is to be shown. Concept Introduction: Ethoxy group present in a compound gets protonated in presence of an acid. Protonated ethoxy group upon hydrolysis forms alcoholic compound. The ethoxy group is eliminated as alcoholic group.

Solution Summary: The author illustrates the curved arrow mechanism of a nucleophilic substitution reaction.

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Chapter 20 Solutions