Define the terms diploid and haploid, and explain how the chromosomal sex of an individual is determined.

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1aCP

Define the terms diploid and haploid, and explain how the chromosomal sex of an individual is determined.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

The terms diploid and haploid along with the process of determining the chromosomal sex of an individual.

Introduction:

Most of the cells in the human body have 23 pair of chromosomes, that is, 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are the compact structures formed by the double helix DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules wrapped around the histone proteins. DNA contains the genetic information inherited by the parents.

Explanation of Solution

Diploid is a condition of a cell where the cell has two sets of chromosomes obtained from parents. The total number of chromosomes in a cell is 46 out of which 23 are obtained from the mother and the remaining 23 are obtained from the father.

Haploid is the condition when the cells have half the number of chromosomes (that is 23). The gametes are the only cells that are present in a haploid state that in turn become diploid after the fertilization of both male and female gametes and result in a diploid zygote.

The female sex chromosome is represented as XX and the male sex is represented as XY. The diagram below depicts the combination of these chromosomes during fertilization and resulting in the formation of the male and female zygote:

Human Physiology, Chapter 20, Problem 1aCP

The XX combination results in a female child whereas the combination of female X with the male Y chromosome results in a combination of XY, which leads to a male child.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1aCP

Define the terms diploid and haploid, and explain how the chromosomal sex of an individual is determined.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

The terms diploid and haploid along with the process of determining the chromosomal sex of an individual.

Introduction:

Most of the cells in the human body have 23 pair of chromosomes, that is, 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are the compact structures formed by the double helix DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules wrapped around the histone proteins. DNA contains the genetic information inherited by the parents.

Explanation of Solution

Diploid is a condition of a cell where the cell has two sets of chromosomes obtained from parents. The total number of chromosomes in a cell is 46 out of which 23 are obtained from the mother and the remaining 23 are obtained from the father.

Haploid is the condition when the cells have half the number of chromosomes (that is 23). The gametes are the only cells that are present in a haploid state that in turn become diploid after the fertilization of both male and female gametes and result in a diploid zygote.

The female sex chromosome is represented as XX and the male sex is represented as XY. The diagram below depicts the combination of these chromosomes during fertilization and resulting in the formation of the male and female zygote:

Human Physiology, Chapter 20, Problem 1aCP

The XX combination results in a female child whereas the combination of female X with the male Y chromosome results in a combination of XY, which leads to a male child.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1aCP

Define the terms diploid and haploid, and explain how the chromosomal sex of an individual is determined.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

The terms diploid and haploid along with the process of determining the chromosomal sex of an individual.

Introduction:

Most of the cells in the human body have 23 pair of chromosomes, that is, 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are the compact structures formed by the double helix DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules wrapped around the histone proteins. DNA contains the genetic information inherited by the parents.

Explanation of Solution

Diploid is a condition of a cell where the cell has two sets of chromosomes obtained from parents. The total number of chromosomes in a cell is 46 out of which 23 are obtained from the mother and the remaining 23 are obtained from the father.

Haploid is the condition when the cells have half the number of chromosomes (that is 23). The gametes are the only cells that are present in a haploid state that in turn become diploid after the fertilization of both male and female gametes and result in a diploid zygote.

The female sex chromosome is represented as XX and the male sex is represented as XY. The diagram below depicts the combination of these chromosomes during fertilization and resulting in the formation of the male and female zygote:

Human Physiology, Chapter 20, Problem 1aCP

The XX combination results in a female child whereas the combination of female X with the male Y chromosome results in a combination of XY, which leads to a male child.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1aCP

Define the terms diploid and haploid, and explain how the chromosomal sex of an individual is determined.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

The terms diploid and haploid along with the process of determining the chromosomal sex of an individual.

Introduction:

Most of the cells in the human body have 23 pair of chromosomes, that is, 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are the compact structures formed by the double helix DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules wrapped around the histone proteins. DNA contains the genetic information inherited by the parents.

Explanation of Solution

Diploid is a condition of a cell where the cell has two sets of chromosomes obtained from parents. The total number of chromosomes in a cell is 46 out of which 23 are obtained from the mother and the remaining 23 are obtained from the father.

Haploid is the condition when the cells have half the number of chromosomes (that is 23). The gametes are the only cells that are present in a haploid state that in turn become diploid after the fertilization of both male and female gametes and result in a diploid zygote.

The female sex chromosome is represented as XX and the male sex is represented as XY. The diagram below depicts the combination of these chromosomes during fertilization and resulting in the formation of the male and female zygote:

Human Physiology, Chapter 20, Problem 1aCP

The XX combination results in a female child whereas the combination of female X with the male Y chromosome results in a combination of XY, which leads to a male child.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

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Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

The terms diploid and haploid along with the process of determining the chromosomal sex of an individual.

Introduction:

Most of the cells in the human body have 23 pair of chromosomes, that is, 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are the compact structures formed by the double helix DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules wrapped around the histone proteins. DNA contains the genetic information inherited by the parents.

Explanation of Solution

Diploid is a condition of a cell where the cell has two sets of chromosomes obtained from parents. The total number of chromosomes in a cell is 46 out of which 23 are obtained from the mother and the remaining 23 are obtained from the father.

Haploid is the condition when the cells have half the number of chromosomes (that is 23). The gametes are the only cells that are present in a haploid state that in turn become diploid after the fertilization of both male and female gametes and result in a diploid zygote.

The female sex chromosome is represented as XX and the male sex is represented as XY. The diagram below depicts the combination of these chromosomes during fertilization and resulting in the formation of the male and female zygote:

Human Physiology, Chapter 20, Problem 1aCP

The XX combination results in a female child whereas the combination of female X with the male Y chromosome results in a combination of XY, which leads to a male child.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

The terms diploid and haploid along with the process of determining the chromosomal sex of an individual.

Introduction:

Most of the cells in the human body have 23 pair of chromosomes, that is, 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are the compact structures formed by the double helix DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules wrapped around the histone proteins. DNA contains the genetic information inherited by the parents.

Explanation of Solution

Diploid is a condition of a cell where the cell has two sets of chromosomes obtained from parents. The total number of chromosomes in a cell is 46 out of which 23 are obtained from the mother and the remaining 23 are obtained from the father.

Haploid is the condition when the cells have half the number of chromosomes (that is 23). The gametes are the only cells that are present in a haploid state that in turn become diploid after the fertilization of both male and female gametes and result in a diploid zygote.

The female sex chromosome is represented as XX and the male sex is represented as XY. The diagram below depicts the combination of these chromosomes during fertilization and resulting in the formation of the male and female zygote:

Human Physiology, Chapter 20, Problem 1aCP

The XX combination results in a female child whereas the combination of female X with the male Y chromosome results in a combination of XY, which leads to a male child.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To review:

The terms diploid and haploid along with the process of determining the chromosomal sex of an individual.

Introduction:

Most of the cells in the human body have 23 pair of chromosomes, that is, 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are the compact structures formed by the double helix DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules wrapped around the histone proteins. DNA contains the genetic information inherited by the parents.

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Diploid is a condition of a cell where the cell has two sets of chromosomes obtained from parents. The total number of chromosomes in a cell is 46 out of which 23 are obtained from the mother and the remaining 23 are obtained from the father.

Haploid is the condition when the cells have half the number of chromosomes (that is 23). The gametes are the only cells that are present in a haploid state that in turn become diploid after the fertilization of both male and female gametes and result in a diploid zygote.

The female sex chromosome is represented as XX and the male sex is represented as XY. The diagram below depicts the combination of these chromosomes during fertilization and resulting in the formation of the male and female zygote:

Human Physiology, Chapter 20, Problem 1aCP

The XX combination results in a female child whereas the combination of female X with the male Y chromosome results in a combination of XY, which leads to a male child.

Answer 13

Ch. 20 - Define the terms diploid and haploid, and explain...Ch. 20 - Explain how the chromosomal sex determines whether...Ch. 20 - List the male and female accessory sex organs and...Ch. 20 - Describe the abnormalities characteristic of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3aCP Ch. 20 - Prob. 3bCP Ch. 20 - Prob. 4aCP Ch. 20 - Prob. 4bCP Ch. 20 - Prob. 4cCP Ch. 20 - Prob. 5aCP

Define the terms diploid and haploid, and explain how the chromosomal sex of an individual is determined.

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