Chapter 2, Problem 53PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For the given set of molecules the presence of formal charge of atom should be identified.

Concept Introduction: Formal charge of an atom can be assigned by assuming the electrons in the bond are shared equally between the respective atoms

The sharing of electrons is done irrespective of the electronegativity of an atom.

Formal charge of an atom can be calculated by using the formula given below.

$\text{Formal}\text{charge}\left(\text{FC}\right)\text{=}\left[\text{number}\text{of}\text{valence}\text{electrons}\text{on}\text{atom}\right]\text{-}\left[\text{non}\text{bonded}\text{electrons+}\text{number}\text{of}\text{bonds}\right]$

Valence electrons represent the electrons present in the valence orbital of an atom.

Non bonded electrons are the electrons that do not participate in bonding. These electrons are also termed as lone pair of electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For the given set of molecules the presence of formal charge of atom should be identified.

Concept Introduction: Formal charge of an atom can be assigned by assuming the electrons in the bond are shared equally between the respective atoms

The sharing of electrons is done irrespective of the electronegativity of an atom.

Formal charge of an atom can be calculated by using the formula given below.

$\text{Formal}\text{charge}\left(\text{FC}\right)\text{=}\left[\text{number}\text{of}\text{valence}\text{electrons}\text{on}\text{atom}\right]\text{-}\left[\text{non}\text{bonded}\text{electrons+}\text{number}\text{of}\text{bonds}\right]$

Valence electrons represent the electrons present in the valence orbital of an atom.

Non bonded electrons are the electrons that do not participate in bonding. These electrons are also termed as lone pair of electrons.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For the given set of molecules the presence of formal charge of atom should be identified.

Concept Introduction: Formal charge of an atom can be assigned by assuming the electrons in the bond are shared equally between the respective atoms

The sharing of electrons is done irrespective of the electronegativity of an atom.

Formal charge of an atom can be calculated by using the formula given below.

$\text{Formal}\text{charge}\left(\text{FC}\right)\text{=}\left[\text{number}\text{of}\text{valence}\text{electrons}\text{on}\text{atom}\right]\text{-}\left[\text{non}\text{bonded}\text{electrons+}\text{number}\text{of}\text{bonds}\right]$

Valence electrons represent the electrons present in the valence orbital of an atom.

Non bonded electrons are the electrons that do not participate in bonding. These electrons are also termed as lone pair of electrons.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For the given set of molecules the presence of formal charge of atom should be identified.

Concept Introduction: Formal charge of an atom can be assigned by assuming the electrons in the bond are shared equally between the respective atoms

The sharing of electrons is done irrespective of the electronegativity of an atom.

Formal charge of an atom can be calculated by using the formula given below.

$\text{Formal}\text{charge}\left(\text{FC}\right)\text{=}\left[\text{number}\text{of}\text{valence}\text{electrons}\text{on}\text{atom}\right]\text{-}\left[\text{non}\text{bonded}\text{electrons+}\text{number}\text{of}\text{bonds}\right]$

Valence electrons represent the electrons present in the valence orbital of an atom.

Non bonded electrons are the electrons that do not participate in bonding. These electrons are also termed as lone pair of electrons.