The reason for p K a value of C O O H group in the center of the citric acid is lower than p K a value of acetic acid has to be explained. Concept introduction: Conjugate acid and base: If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid. If electronegative atoms are attached to a species, it causes inductive electron withdrawal. It stabilizes its conjugate base thus increases the strength of the acid. Inductive electron withdrawal: An electron-withdrawing group increases the strength of an acid. As the electronegativity of the electron-withdrawing group increases, or as an electron-withdrawing atom moves closer to the acidic hydrogen, the strength of the acid increases.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 52P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for pKa value of COOH group in the center of the citric acid is lower than pKa value of acetic acid has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Conjugate acid and base: If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

If electronegative atoms are attached to a species, it causes inductive electron withdrawal. It stabilizes its conjugate base thus increases the strength of the acid.

Inductive electron withdrawal: An electron-withdrawing group increases the strength of an acid. As the electronegativity of the electron-withdrawing group increases, or as an electron-withdrawing atom moves closer to the acidic hydrogen, the strength of the acid increases.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 52P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for pKa value of COOH group in the center of the citric acid is lower than pKa value of acetic acid has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Conjugate acid and base: If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

If electronegative atoms are attached to a species, it causes inductive electron withdrawal. It stabilizes its conjugate base thus increases the strength of the acid.

Inductive electron withdrawal: An electron-withdrawing group increases the strength of an acid. As the electronegativity of the electron-withdrawing group increases, or as an electron-withdrawing atom moves closer to the acidic hydrogen, the strength of the acid increases.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 52P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for pKa value of COOH group in the center of the citric acid is lower than pKa value of acetic acid has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Conjugate acid and base: If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

If electronegative atoms are attached to a species, it causes inductive electron withdrawal. It stabilizes its conjugate base thus increases the strength of the acid.

Inductive electron withdrawal: An electron-withdrawing group increases the strength of an acid. As the electronegativity of the electron-withdrawing group increases, or as an electron-withdrawing atom moves closer to the acidic hydrogen, the strength of the acid increases.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 52P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for pKa value of COOH group in the center of the citric acid is lower than pKa value of acetic acid has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Conjugate acid and base: If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

If electronegative atoms are attached to a species, it causes inductive electron withdrawal. It stabilizes its conjugate base thus increases the strength of the acid.

Inductive electron withdrawal: An electron-withdrawing group increases the strength of an acid. As the electronegativity of the electron-withdrawing group increases, or as an electron-withdrawing atom moves closer to the acidic hydrogen, the strength of the acid increases.

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Answer 5

Chapter 2, Problem 52P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for pKa value of COOH group in the center of the citric acid is lower than pKa value of acetic acid has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Conjugate acid and base: If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

If electronegative atoms are attached to a species, it causes inductive electron withdrawal. It stabilizes its conjugate base thus increases the strength of the acid.

Inductive electron withdrawal: An electron-withdrawing group increases the strength of an acid. As the electronegativity of the electron-withdrawing group increases, or as an electron-withdrawing atom moves closer to the acidic hydrogen, the strength of the acid increases.

Answer 6

Chapter 2, Problem 52P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for pKa value of COOH group in the center of the citric acid is lower than pKa value of acetic acid has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Conjugate acid and base: If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

If electronegative atoms are attached to a species, it causes inductive electron withdrawal. It stabilizes its conjugate base thus increases the strength of the acid.

Inductive electron withdrawal: An electron-withdrawing group increases the strength of an acid. As the electronegativity of the electron-withdrawing group increases, or as an electron-withdrawing atom moves closer to the acidic hydrogen, the strength of the acid increases.

Answer 7

Chapter 2, Problem 52P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for pKa value of COOH group in the center of the citric acid is lower than pKa value of acetic acid has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Conjugate acid and base: If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

If electronegative atoms are attached to a species, it causes inductive electron withdrawal. It stabilizes its conjugate base thus increases the strength of the acid.

Inductive electron withdrawal: An electron-withdrawing group increases the strength of an acid. As the electronegativity of the electron-withdrawing group increases, or as an electron-withdrawing atom moves closer to the acidic hydrogen, the strength of the acid increases.

Answer 8

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 2.1 - Which of the following are not acids? CH3COOH CO2...Ch. 2.1 - Draw the products of the acidbase reaction when a....Ch. 2.1 - a.What is the conjugate acid of each of the...Ch. 2.2 - a. Which is a stronger acid, one with a pKa of 5.2...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 5P Ch. 2.2 - Antacids are compounds that neutralize stomach...Ch. 2.2 - Are the following body fluids acidic or basic? a....Ch. 2.3 - Draw the conjugate acid of each of the following:...Ch. 2.3 - a. Write an equation showing CH3OH reacting as an...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the pK_a value of COOH group in the center of the citric acid is lower than acetic acid's.

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