Chemistry in Context
Chemistry in Context
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780073522975
Author: American Chemical Society
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2, Problem 48Q

Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play an important role in stratospheric ozone depletion.

  1. a. Why do PSCs form more often over Antarctica than in the Arctic?
  2. b. Reactions occur more quickly on the surface of PSCs than in the atmosphere. One such reaction is that of two species that do not deplete ozone, hydrogen chloride and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2), which react to produce a chlorine molecule and nitric acid (HNO3). Write the chemical equation.
  3. c. The chlorine molecule produced does not deplete ozone either. However, when sunlight returns to the Antarctic in the springtime, it is converted to a species that does. Show how this happens using a chemical equation.
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2. a. Given the following composition, calculate the average molar mass of air. Molar ratio: Nitrogen: 78%, oxygen: 21%, argon: 0.93%, carbon dioxide: 0.04%, and water. I b. Calculate the concentration of CO2 in ppm. c. Imagine a parallel universe, in which nitrogen has a structure similar to P4. What kind of changes would you expect in the composition of air and earth's crust? d. Assume that there is hypothetical Ns molecule, in which each nitrogen atom makes a total of 3 bonds since it is a group V element. Draw a feasible structure for N8.
An industrial factory makes an effort to reduce the amount of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions it releases into the atmosphere on a weekly basis. Which statement de- scribes the most likely reason for this effort by the industrial factory? A The factory wants to decrease the amount of tropospheric ozone 3) that is formed when nitrogen dioxide N2) emissions react with sulfur dioxide 02). B. The factory wants to decrease the amount of stratospheric ozone 3/ that is (NO) formed when nitrogen dioxide emissions mix with fog. The factory wants to decrease the amount of gray smog that is formed when nitro- gen dioxide N2) emissions mix with fog. The factory wants to decrease the amount of photochemical smog that is formed when nitrogen dioxide 2) emissions react with VOCS and mix with fog.
Stratospheric Chemistry: 8. Describe the formation of ozone. 9. Discuss the destruction of ozone (causes/mechanism).

Chapter 2 Solutions

Chemistry in Context

Ch. 2.13 - Prob. 2.32CTCh. 2 - How does ozone differ from oxygen in its chemical...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2QCh. 2 - Prob. 3QCh. 2 - Prob. 4QCh. 2 - Prob. 5QCh. 2 - Prob. 6QCh. 2 - a. What is a Dobson unit? b. Does a reading of 320...Ch. 2 - Using the periodic table as a guide, specify the...Ch. 2 - Consider this representation of a periodic table....Ch. 2 - Give the name and symbol for the element with this...Ch. 2 - Give the number of protons, neutrons, and...Ch. 2 - Give the symbol showing the atomic number and the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 13QCh. 2 - Assuming that the octet rule applies, draw the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 15QCh. 2 - Consider these two waves representing different...Ch. 2 - Prob. 17QCh. 2 - Prob. 18QCh. 2 - Arrange these types of radiation in order of...Ch. 2 - The microwaves in home microwave ovens have a...Ch. 2 - Ultraviolet radiation is categorized as UVA, UVB,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 22QCh. 2 - Prob. 23QCh. 2 - Prob. 24QCh. 2 - Prob. 25QCh. 2 - The following free radicals all play a role in...Ch. 2 - a. How were the original measurements of increases...Ch. 2 - Prob. 28QCh. 2 - The EPA has used the slogan Ozone: Good Up High,...Ch. 2 - Nobel Laureate F. Sherwood Rowland referred to the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 31QCh. 2 - Prob. 32QCh. 2 - Prob. 33QCh. 2 - Prob. 34QCh. 2 - Prob. 35QCh. 2 - Prob. 36QCh. 2 - The average length of an OO single bond is 132 pm....Ch. 2 - Prob. 38QCh. 2 - Prob. 39QCh. 2 - Prob. 40QCh. 2 - All the reports of the damage caused by UV...Ch. 2 - Prob. 42QCh. 2 - Prob. 43QCh. 2 - Prob. 44QCh. 2 - Development of the stratospheric ozone hole has...Ch. 2 - Prob. 46QCh. 2 - One mechanism that helps break down ozone in the...Ch. 2 - Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play an...Ch. 2 - Prob. 49QCh. 2 - Prob. 50QCh. 2 - Resonance structures can be used to explain the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 52QCh. 2 - Prob. 53QCh. 2 - Many different types of ozone generators...Ch. 2 - The effect a chemical substance has on the ozone...Ch. 2 - Prob. 56Q
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