
(a)
To determine: The way by which a switchable surfactant is used to clean up and then recover the oil from an oil spill.
Introduction:
The hydrophobic molecules repel water, while they are more soluble in oil than water. The water is a universal solvent, but the nonpolar substances are not soluble in water. This makes very difficult to wash oily dishes and mixing of both water and oil phase. The amphipathic compounds include surfactants that are used to suspend or mix the two phases together for various applications.
(b)
To determine: Which side will the equilibrium shift when the given pKa of amidinium ion is 12.4.
Introduction:
The hydrophobic molecules repel water, while they are more soluble in oil than water. The water is a universal solvent but the nonpolar substances are not soluble in water. This makes very difficult to wash oily dishes and mixing of both water and oil phase. The amphipathic compounds include surfactants that are used to suspend or mix the two phases together for various applications.
(c)
To explain: The reason behind the amidinium form of s-surf is a powerful surfactant and the amidine form is not powerful.
Introduction:
The hydrophobic molecules repel water, while they are more soluble in oil than water. The water is a universal solvent but the nonpolar substances are not soluble in water. This makes very difficult to wash oily dishes and mixing of both water and oil phase. The amphipathic compounds include surfactants that are used to suspend or mix the two phases together for various applications.
(d)
To determine: The form in which there is majority of s-surf in point A and point B.
Introduction:
The hydrophobic molecules repel water, while they are more soluble in oil than water. The water is a universal solvent but the nonpolar substances are not soluble in water. This makes very difficult to wash oily dishes and mixing of both water and oil phase. The amphipathic compounds include surfactants that are used to suspend or mix the two phases together for various applications.
(e)
To explain: The reason behind the rise of electrical conductivity from time
Introduction:
The hydrophobic molecules repel water, while they are more soluble in oil than water. The water is a universal solvent but the nonpolar substances are not soluble in water. This makes very difficult to wash oily dishes and mixing of both water and oil phase. The amphipathic compounds include surfactants that are used to suspend or mix the two phases together for various applications.
(f)
To explain: The reason behind the fall of electrical conductivity from point A to point B.
Introduction:
The hydrophobic molecules repel water, while they are more soluble in oil than water. The water is a universal solvent but the nonpolar substances are not soluble in water. This makes very difficult to wash oily dishes and mixing of both water and oil phase. The amphipathic compounds include surfactants that are used to suspend or mix the two phases together for various applications.
(g)
To explain: The use of “s-surf” to clean up and recover the oil from an oil spill.
Introduction:
The hydrophobic molecules repel water, while they are more soluble in oil than water. The water is a universal solvent but the nonpolar substances are not soluble in water. This makes very difficult to wash oily dishes and mixing of both water and oil phase. The amphipathic compounds include surfactants that are used to suspend or mix the two phases together for various applications.

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 2 Solutions
Loose-leaf Version for Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7E & SaplingPlus for Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7E (Six-Month Access)
- Please help with number 6 I got a negative number could that be right?arrow_forward1,4-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene can undergo 1,2- or 1,4-addition with hydrogen halides. (a) 1,2-Addition i. Draw the carbocation intermediate(s) formed during the 1,2-addition of hydrobromic acid to 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. ii. What is the major 1,2-addition product formed during the reaction in (i)? (b) 1,4-Addition i. Draw the carbocation intermediate(s) formed during the 1,4-addition of hydrobromic acid to 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. ii. What is the major 1,4-addition product formed from the reaction in (i)? (c) What is the kinetic product from the reaction of one mole of hydrobromic acid with 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene? Explain your reasoning. (d) What is the thermodynamic product from the reaction of one mole of hydrobro-mic acid with 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene? Explain your reasoning. (e) What major product will result when 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene is treated with one mole of hydrobromic acid at - 78 deg * C ? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardGive the product of the bimolecular elimination from each of the isomeric halogenated compounds. Reaction A Reaction B. КОВ CH₂ HotBu +B+ ко HOIBU +Br+ Templates More QQQ Select Cv Templates More Cras QQQ One of these compounds undergoes elimination 50x faster than the other. Which one and why? Reaction A because the conformation needed for elimination places the phenyl groups and to each other Reaction A because the conformation needed for elimination places the phenyl groups gauche to each other. ◇ Reaction B because the conformation needed for elimination places the phenyl groups gach to each other. Reaction B because the conformation needed for elimination places the phenyl groups anti to each other.arrow_forward
- Five isomeric alkenes. A through each undergo catalytic hydrogenation to give 2-methylpentane The IR spectra of these five alkenes have the key absorptions (in cm Compound Compound A –912. (§), 994 (5), 1643 (%), 3077 (1) Compound B 833 (3), 1667 (W), 3050 (weak shoulder on C-Habsorption) Compound C Compound D) –714 (5), 1665 (w), 3010 (m) 885 (3), 1650 (m), 3086 (m) 967 (5), no aharption 1600 to 1700, 3040 (m) Compound K Match each compound to the data presented. Compound A Compound B Compound C Compound D Compoundarrow_forward7. The three sets of replicate results below were accumulated for the analysis of the same sample. Pool these data to obtain the most efficient estimate of the mean analyte content and the standard deviation. Lead content/ppm: Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 1. 9.76 9.87 9.85 2. 9.42 9.64 9.91 3. 9.53 9.71 9.42 9.81 9.49arrow_forwardDraw the Zaitsev product famed when 2,3-dimethylpentan-3-of undergoes an El dehydration. CH₂ E1 OH H₁PO₁ Select Draw Templates More QQQ +H₂Oarrow_forward
- Complete the clean-pushing mechanism for the given ether synthesia from propanol in concentrated sulfurica140°C by adding any mining aloms, bands, charges, nonbonding electron pairs, and curved arrows. Draw hydrogen bonded to cayan, when applicable. ore 11,0 HPC Step 1: Draw curved arrows Step 2: Complete the intend carved Q2Q 56 QQQ Step 3: Complete the intermediate and add curved Step 4: Modify the structures to draw the QQQ QQQarrow_forward6. In an experiment the following replicate set of volume measurements (cm3) was recorded: (25.35, 25.80, 25.28, 25.50, 25.45, 25.43) A. Calculate the mean of the raw data. B. Using the rejection quotient (Q-test) reject any questionable results. C. Recalculate the mean and compare it with the value obtained in 2(a).arrow_forwardA student proposes the transformation below in one step of an organic synthesis. There may be one or more reactants missing from the left-hand side, but there are no products missing from the right-hand side. There may also be catalysts, small inorganic reagents, and other important reaction conditions missing from the arrow. • Is the student's transformation possible? If not, check the box under the drawing area. • If the student's transformation is possible, then complete the reaction by adding any missing reactants to the left-hand side, and adding required catalysts, inorganic reagents, or other important reaction conditions above and below the arrow. • You do not need to balance the reaction, but be sure every important organic reactant or product is shown. + T G OH де OH This transformation can't be done in one step.arrow_forward
- Macmillan Leaming Draw the major organic product of the reaction. 1. CH3CH2MgBr 2. H+ - G Select Draw Templates More H о QQarrow_forwardDraw the condensed structure of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone. Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure.arrow_forwardGive the expected major product of reaction of 2,2-dimethylcyclopropane with each of the following reagents. 2. Reaction with dilute H₂SO, in methanol. Select Draw Templates More CHC Erase QQQ c. Reaction with dilute aqueous HBr. Select Drew Templates More Era c QQQ b. Reaction with NaOCH, in methanol. Select Draw Templates More d. Reaction with concentrated HBr. Select Draw Templates More En a QQQ e. Reaction with CH, Mg1, then H*, H₂O 1. Reaction with CH,Li, then H', H₂Oarrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





