Chapter 2, Problem 2.55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of protons for the isotopes of oxygen that has mass numbers 16, 17 and 18 should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The number of protons indicates the atomic number of the element. It defines its characteristic place in the periodic table.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of neutrons for the isotopes of oxygen that has mass numbers 16, 17 and 18 should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The number of neutrons along with number of protons indicates the mass number. The neutrons are neutrally charged particles and do not contribute to the charge of the atom on whole.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons for the isotopes of oxygen that has mass numbers as 16, 17 and 18 in its neutral state should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus. But it is also known that number of electrons is equal to the number of protons to keep the atom neutral.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The group number for the isotopes of oxygen that has mass numbers 16, 17 and 18 should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The group number is indicated by the atomic number of the element. Atomic number is influenced by the number of protons in the nucleus.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The symbol of the isotopes of oxygen that has mass numbers 16, 17 and 18 should be determined with its subscripts and superscripts.

Concept Introduction:

The isotope of any element is indicated by its atomic number and mass number. Both the numbers are displayed along with the element. The mass number is displayed as superscript while the atomic number is displayed as subscript as shown:

  $\text{E}\text{lement}$