An Introduction to Physical Science
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079137
Author: James Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Charles A. Higgins, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 15SA
Are we accelerating as a consequence of the Earth spinning on its axis? Explain.
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The Earth spins at 460 meters per second at the equator. The radius of the Earth is 6.37 x 106 m. A person who believes in a flat Earth says that if the Earth was round and spinning that fast we would all fly off. Imagine if you were standing inside a hollow earth. How much centripetal acceleration would you experience? How does this compare to the acceleration due to gravity we feel at the Earth’s surface? Does it explain why we don’t fly off the Earth due to the spin?
Can centripetal acceleration change the speed of circular motion? Explain.
The Cajun Cliffhanger at Great America is a ride in which occupants line the perimeter of a cylinder and spin in a circle at a high rate of turning. When the cylinder begins spinning very rapidly, the floor is removed from under the riders' feet. What effect does a doubling in speed have upon the centripetal force? Explain.
Chapter 2 Solutions
An Introduction to Physical Science
Ch. 2.1 - What is needed to designate a position?Ch. 2.1 - What is motion?Ch. 2.2 - Between two points, which may be greater in...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 2PQCh. 2.2 - Prob. 2.1CECh. 2.2 - A communications satellite is in a circular orbit...Ch. 2.3 - What is the average speed in mi/h of a person at...Ch. 2.3 - What motional changes produce an acceleration?Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2PQCh. 2.3 - If the car in the preceding example continues to...
Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2.5CECh. 2.4 - Prob. 1PQCh. 2.4 - Prob. 2PQCh. 2.4 - Prob. 2.6CECh. 2.5 - Neglecting air resistance, why would a ball...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 2PQCh. 2 - Visualize the connections and give the descriptive...Ch. 2 - KEY TERMS 1. physics (intro) 2. position (2.1) 3....Ch. 2 - KEY TERMS 1. physics (intro) 2. position (2.1) 3....Ch. 2 - Prob. CMCh. 2 - Prob. DMCh. 2 - Prob. EMCh. 2 - Prob. FMCh. 2 - Prob. GMCh. 2 - Prob. HMCh. 2 - Prob. IMCh. 2 - Prob. JMCh. 2 - Prob. KMCh. 2 - Prob. LMCh. 2 - Prob. MMCh. 2 - Prob. NMCh. 2 - Prob. OMCh. 2 - Prob. PMCh. 2 - Prob. QMCh. 2 - KEY TERMS 1. physics (intro) 2. position (2.1) 3....Ch. 2 - What is necessary to designate a position? (2.1)...Ch. 2 - Which one of the following describes an object in...Ch. 2 - Which one of the following is always true about...Ch. 2 - Which is true of an object with uniform velocity?...Ch. 2 - Acceleration may result from what? (2.3) (a) an...Ch. 2 - For a constant linear acceleration, what changes...Ch. 2 - Which one of the following is true for a...Ch. 2 - An object is projected straight upward. Neglecting...Ch. 2 - If the speed of an object in uniform circular...Ch. 2 - Neglecting air resistance, which of the following...Ch. 2 - In the absence of air resistance, a projectile...Ch. 2 - A football is thrown on a long pass. Compared to...Ch. 2 - An object is in motion when it undergoes a...Ch. 2 - Speed is a(n) ___ quantity. (2.2)Ch. 2 - Velocity is a(n) ___ quantity. (2.2)Ch. 2 - ___ is the actual path length. (2.2)Ch. 2 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 2 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 2 - The distance traveled by a dropped object...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8FIBCh. 2 - The metric units associated with acceleration are...Ch. 2 - Prob. 10FIBCh. 2 - Prob. 11FIBCh. 2 - Neglecting air resistance, a horizontally thrown...Ch. 2 - What area of physics involves the study of objects...Ch. 2 - What is necessary to designate the position of an...Ch. 2 - How are length and time used to describe motion?Ch. 2 - Prob. 4SACh. 2 - Prob. 5SACh. 2 - How is average speed analogous to an average class...Ch. 2 - A jogger jogs two blocks directly north. (a) How...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8SACh. 2 - The gas pedal of a car is commonly referred to as...Ch. 2 - Does a negative acceleration always mean that an...Ch. 2 - A ball is dropped. Assuming free fall, what is its...Ch. 2 - A vertically projected object has zero velocity at...Ch. 2 - Can a car be moving at a constant speed of 60 km/h...Ch. 2 - What is centripetal about centripetal...Ch. 2 - Are we accelerating as a consequence of the Earth...Ch. 2 - What is the direction of the acceleration vector...Ch. 2 - For projectile motion, what quantities are...Ch. 2 - How do the motions of horizontal projections with...Ch. 2 - Prob. 19SACh. 2 - Can a baseball pitcher throw a fastball in a...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.14(b) shows a multiflash photograph of...Ch. 2 - Taking into account air resistance, how do you...Ch. 2 - Do highway speed limit signs refer to average...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2AYKCh. 2 - What is the direction of the acceleration vector...Ch. 2 - Is an object projected vertically upward in free...Ch. 2 - A student sees her physical science professor...Ch. 2 - How would (a) an updraft affect a skydiver in...Ch. 2 - A skydiver uses a parachute to slow the landing...Ch. 2 - Tractor-trailer rigs often have an airfoil on top...Ch. 2 - A gardener walks in a flower garden as illustrated...Ch. 2 - What is the gardeners displacement (Fig. 2.21)?...Ch. 2 - At a track meet, a runner runs the 100-m dash in...Ch. 2 - A jogger jogs around a circular track with a...Ch. 2 - A space probe on the surface of Mars sends a radio...Ch. 2 - A group of college students eager to get to...Ch. 2 - A student drives the 100-mi trip back to campus...Ch. 2 - A jogger jogs from one end to the other of a...Ch. 2 - An airplane flying directly eastward at a constant...Ch. 2 - A race car traveling northward on a straight,...Ch. 2 - A sprinter starting from rest on a straight, level...Ch. 2 - Modern oil tankers weigh more than a half-million...Ch. 2 - A motorboat starting from rest travels in a...Ch. 2 - A car travels on a straight, level road. (a)...Ch. 2 - A ball is dropped from the top of an 80-m-high...Ch. 2 - What speed does the ball in Exercise 15 have in...Ch. 2 - Figure 1.18 (Chapter 1) shows the Hoover Dam...Ch. 2 - A spaceship hovering over the surface of Mars...Ch. 2 - A person drives a car around a circular, level...Ch. 2 - A race car goes around a circular, level track...Ch. 2 - If you drop an object from a height of 1.5 m, it...Ch. 2 - A golfer on a level fairway hits a ball at an...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following is impossible for a car moving in a circular path? Assume that the car is never at rest. (a) The car has tangential acceleration but no centripetal acceleration. (b) The car has centripetal acceleration but no tangential acceleration. (c) The car has both centripetal acceleration and tangential acceleration.arrow_forwardSuppose a piece of food is on the edge of a rotating microwave oven plate. Does it experience nonzero tangential acceleration, centripetal acceleration, or both when: (a) the plate starts to spin faster? (b) The plate rotates at constant angular velocity? (c) The plate slows to a halt?arrow_forwardSuppose the gravitational acceleration at the surface of a certain moon A of Jupiter is 2 m/s2. Moon B has twice the mass and twice the radius of moon A. What is the gravitational acceleration at its surface? Neglect the gravitational acceleration due to Jupiter. (a) 8 m/s2 (b) 4 m/s2 (c) 2 m/s2 (d) 1 m/s2 (e) 0.5 m/s2arrow_forward
- As their booster rockets separate, Space Shuttle astronauts typically feel accelerations up to 3g, where g = 9.80 m/s2. In their training, astronauts ride in a device where they experience such an acceleration as a centripetal acceleration. Specifically, the astronaut is fastened securely at the end of a mechanical arm, which then turns at constant speed in a horizontal circle. Determine the rotation rate, in revolutions per second, required to give an astronaut a centripetal acceleration of 3.00g while in circular motion with radius 9.45 m.arrow_forwardIn Example 2.6, we considered a simple model for a rocket launched from the surface of the Earth. A better expression for the rockets position measured from the center of the Earth is given by y(t)=(R3/2+3g2Rt)2/3j where R is the radius of the Earth (6.38 106 m) and g is the constant acceleration of an object in free fall near the Earths surface (9.81 m/s2). a. Derive expressions for vy(t) and ay(t). b. Plot y(t), vy(t), and ay(t). (A spreadsheet program would be helpful.) c. When will the rocket be at y=4R? d. What are vy and ay when y=4R?arrow_forwardExplain why centripetal acceleration changes the direction of velocity in circular motion but not its magnitude.arrow_forward
- Model the Moons orbit around the Earth as an ellipse with the Earth at one focus. The Moons farthest distance (apogee) from the center of the Earth is rA = 4.05 108 m, and its closest distance (perigee) is rP = 3.63 108 m. a. Calculate the semimajor axis of the Moons orbit. b. How far is the Earth from the center of the Moons elliptical orbit? c. Use a scale such as 1 cm 108 m to sketch the EarthMoon system at apogee and at perigee and the Moons orbit. (The semiminor axis of the Moons orbit is roughly b = 3.84 108 m.)arrow_forward(a) Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of Earth due to the Moon. (b) Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity at Earth due to the Sun. (c) Take the ratio of the Moon's acceleration to the Sun's and comment on why the tides are predominantly due to the Moon in spite of this number.arrow_forward(a) The Sun orbits the Milky Way galaxy once each 2.60108 y, with a roughly circular orbit averaging 3.00104 light years in radius. (A light year is the distance traveled by light in 1 y.) Calculate the centripetal acceleration of the Sun in its galactic orbit. Does your result support the contention that a nearly inertial frame of reference can be located at the Sun? (b) Calculate the average speed of the Sun in its galactic orbit. Does the answer surprise you?arrow_forward
- An athlete swings a ball, connected to the end of a chain, in a horizontal circle. The athlete is able to rotate the ball at the rate of 8.00 rev/s when the length of the chain is 6.600 m. When be increases the length to 0.900 m, he is able to rotate the ball only 6.00 rev/s. (a) Which rate of rotation gives the greater speed for the ball? (b) What is the centripetal acceleration of the ball at 8.00 rev/s? (c) What is the centripetal acceleration at 6.00 rev/s?arrow_forwardA projectile is launched horizontal with a speed of 1.8 m/s at the surface of Mars (mass = 6.4 x 10^23kg, radius = 3.4 x 10 6 m) from a height of 1.3 m. a. Determine the acceleration of the object due to the gravitational force exerted by Mars. b. Determine the time at which the projectile will land. c. Determine how far away the projectile lands from where it was launched. Notice this is horizontal distance.arrow_forwardIs it possible for an object moving around a circular path to have both centripetal and tangential acceleration? No, because then the path would not be a circle. A (B Yes, this is possible if the speed is constant. No, an object can only have one or the other at any given time. Yes, this is possible if the speed is changing. Darrow_forward
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