Chapter 19, Problem 69AE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible open-chain structures for the given molecular formula, ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{14}}$ has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrocarbons:

Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms which are connected together by covalent bonds such as $\text{C}-\text{C}$, $\text{C=C}$, $\text{C}\equiv \text{C}$ and $\text{C}-\text{H}$. It can be categorized into two types: saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Saturated hydrocarbons:

Alkanes:

Alkanes are classified under saturated hydrocarbons whose carbon atoms are connected to each other by the carbon-carbon single bonds. The general molecular formula for linear alkanes is ${\text{C}}_n{\text{H}}_{2n+2}$. Here, $n$ indicates the number of carbon atoms in the compound.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons:

The unsaturated hydrocarbons can be classified further into alkenes and alkynes.

Alkenes:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbon that must contain atleast one carbon-carbon double bond in it. The general molecular formula for alkenes is ${\text{C}}_n{\text{H}}_{2n}$. Here, $n$ indicates the number of carbon atoms in the compound.

The general structure of alkene is drawn here:

Alkynes:

Alkynes are also unsaturated hydrocarbon that must contain a carbon-carbon triple bond in it. The general molecular formula for linear alkanes is ${\text{C}}_n{\text{H}}_{2n-2}$. Here, $n$ indicates the number of carbon atoms in the compound.

The general structure of alkyne is shown here:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible open-chain structures for the given molecular formula, ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{10}}$ has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible open-chain structures for the given molecular formula, ${\text{C}}_{\text{7}}{\text{H}}_{\text{16}}$ has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).