Whether the statement “The nucleotide in that SNP at that position is unstable and mutates with age” is correct or not. Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome— synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 5Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The nucleotide in that SNP at that position is unstable and mutates with age” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “Those people born more than 50 years ago came from a population that tended to lack the disappearing SNP variants” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The SNP variant alters an important gene product in a way that shortens the human life span or is linked to a neighboring allele that has this effect” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption 1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration. Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable) (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip (f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo

3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug: (a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate) (b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax). (c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). (d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.) (e)…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 5Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The nucleotide in that SNP at that position is unstable and mutates with age” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “Those people born more than 50 years ago came from a population that tended to lack the disappearing SNP variants” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The SNP variant alters an important gene product in a way that shortens the human life span or is linked to a neighboring allele that has this effect” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 5Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The nucleotide in that SNP at that position is unstable and mutates with age” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “Those people born more than 50 years ago came from a population that tended to lack the disappearing SNP variants” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The SNP variant alters an important gene product in a way that shortens the human life span or is linked to a neighboring allele that has this effect” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 5Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The nucleotide in that SNP at that position is unstable and mutates with age” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “Those people born more than 50 years ago came from a population that tended to lack the disappearing SNP variants” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The SNP variant alters an important gene product in a way that shortens the human life span or is linked to a neighboring allele that has this effect” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 5Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The nucleotide in that SNP at that position is unstable and mutates with age” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “Those people born more than 50 years ago came from a population that tended to lack the disappearing SNP variants” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The SNP variant alters an important gene product in a way that shortens the human life span or is linked to a neighboring allele that has this effect” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 5Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The nucleotide in that SNP at that position is unstable and mutates with age” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 5Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The nucleotide in that SNP at that position is unstable and mutates with age” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

Answer 8

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “Those people born more than 50 years ago came from a population that tended to lack the disappearing SNP variants” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

Answer 9

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “Those people born more than 50 years ago came from a population that tended to lack the disappearing SNP variants” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

Answer 10

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The SNP variant alters an important gene product in a way that shortens the human life span or is linked to a neighboring allele that has this effect” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

Answer 11

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The SNP variant alters an important gene product in a way that shortens the human life span or is linked to a neighboring allele that has this effect” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 19 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 3Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 7Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 8Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 9Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 10Q

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