Radioactive uracil can be used to label all of the pyrimidine residues in DNA. Using either names or structures, present pathways for the conversion of uracil to dTTP and to dCTP. For each reaction, show the involvement of cofactors, and identify sites of allosteric regulation. Concept Introduction: Uridine is produced in nature as uridine monophosphate (uridylate) by de novo synthesis by the decarboxylation of orotidylate, which is catalyzed by orotidylate decarboxylase. The orotidylate is produced from orotate, which is combined with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to form orotidylate by pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase. The dUDP produced by rNDP reductase action on UDP is phosphorylated to dUTP by nucleoside diphosphate kinase. dUTP is cleaved by an active pyrophosphatase, deoxyuridine triphosphatase, or dUTPase. Thymidylate synthase catalyzes the transfer of a single-carbon functional group from 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to position 5 of the pyrimidine ring in deoxyuridine monophosphate, yielding thymidine monophosphate. dTMP is phosphorylated to dTDP and conversion to dTTP involves nucleoside diphosphate kinase.

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Chapter 19, Problem 4P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Radioactive uracil can be used to label all of the pyrimidine residues in DNA. Using either names or structures, present pathways for the conversion of uracil to dTTP and to dCTP. For each reaction, show the involvement of cofactors, and identify sites of allosteric regulation.

Concept Introduction:

Uridine is produced in nature as uridine monophosphate (uridylate) by de novo synthesis by the decarboxylation of orotidylate, which is catalyzed by orotidylate decarboxylase. The orotidylate is produced from orotate, which is combined with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to form orotidylate by pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase.

The dUDP produced by rNDP reductase action on UDP is phosphorylated to dUTP by nucleoside diphosphate kinase. dUTP is cleaved by an active pyrophosphatase, deoxyuridine triphosphatase, or dUTPase.

Thymidylate synthase catalyzes the transfer of a single-carbon functional group from 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to position 5 of the pyrimidine ring in deoxyuridine monophosphate, yielding thymidine monophosphate. dTMP is phosphorylated to dTDP and conversion to dTTP involves nucleoside diphosphate kinase.

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