Chapter 19, Problem 40P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the reaction of 3-acetylfuran with nitric acid and sulfuric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of sulfuric acid and nitric acid results in the generation of nitronium ion which attacks the most nucleophilic position of the reactant. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the furan depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product formed in the reaction of 2-nitrothiophene with bromine has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of bromine with alkyl and aryl groups is a type of electrophilic substitution reaction in which ${\text{Br}}^{+}$ ion attacks as electrophile. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the thiophene depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 4-dimethylaminepyridine with methyl iodide has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyridione with ${\text{PCl}}_3$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Phosphorus trichloride reacts with hydroxyl group and leads to the formation of ${\text{HPOCl}}_2$ and chloride substituted alkyl group. This is a type of substitution reaction in which bromine atom substitute’s hydroxyl atom present in the molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 1,4-dimethylpyridine hydroxide with formic acid and hydrochloric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyrrole with ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2\text{MgBr}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The alkyl group attached to magnesium bromide acts as a nucleophile because carbon atom is more electronegative as compared to magnesium due to which carbon atom exhibits partial negative charge in the reaction of Grignard reagent.