The product of the given reaction is has be given. Concept Introduction: Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with cyanide ions to give nitriles. Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of H2 and raney Ni.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halide reacts with amine to form alkyl-substituted product. The reaction mechanism is nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. Amines are generally nucleophilic in nature. Therefore, the reaction easily occurs in mild conditions.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with cyanide ions to give nitriles. Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of H2 and raney Ni.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halide reacts with amine to form alkyl-substituted product. The reaction mechanism is nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. Amines are generally nucleophilic in nature. Therefore, the reaction easily occurs in mild conditions.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with cyanide ions to give nitriles. Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of H2 and raney Ni.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halide reacts with amine to form alkyl-substituted product. The reaction mechanism is nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. Amines are generally nucleophilic in nature. Therefore, the reaction easily occurs in mild conditions.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with cyanide ions to give nitriles. Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of H2 and raney Ni.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halide reacts with amine to form alkyl-substituted product. The reaction mechanism is nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. Amines are generally nucleophilic in nature. Therefore, the reaction easily occurs in mild conditions.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with cyanide ions to give nitriles. Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of H2 and raney Ni.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halide reacts with amine to form alkyl-substituted product. The reaction mechanism is nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. Amines are generally nucleophilic in nature. Therefore, the reaction easily occurs in mild conditions.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with cyanide ions to give nitriles. Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of H2 and raney Ni.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with cyanide ions to give nitriles. Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of H2 and raney Ni.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halide reacts with amine to form alkyl-substituted product. The reaction mechanism is nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. Amines are generally nucleophilic in nature. Therefore, the reaction easily occurs in mild conditions.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halide reacts with amine to form alkyl-substituted product. The reaction mechanism is nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. Amines are generally nucleophilic in nature. Therefore, the reaction easily occurs in mild conditions.

Answer 18

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

Answer 19

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

Answer 20

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

Answer 21

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Nucleophile adds to the ring carbon attached to the leaving group. Then, the leaving group is eliminated. Substitution takes place at C-2 or C-4 because it leads to the most stable intermediate.

Answer 22

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

Answer 23

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aromatic five-membered heterocyclic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions preferentially at 2-position. The intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by adding a substituent to C-3 position.

Answer 24

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Answer 25

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 26

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Answer 27

Ch. 19.1 - Name the following:Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 19.3 - Draw the product of each of the following...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 6P Ch. 19.5 - Explain why cyclopentadiene (pKa = 15) is more...Ch. 19.5 - When pyrrole is added to a dilute solution of...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 10P Ch. 19.6 - How to the mechanisms of the following reactions...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 12P

Solution Summary: The author explains that Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with cyanide ions to give nitriles. Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of H2 and raney Ni.

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Chapter 19 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that Pyridine is more reactive than benzene towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

Interpretation: The product of the given reaction is has be given. Concept Introduction: Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with cyanide ions to give nitriles. Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of H2 and raney Ni.

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Chapter 19 Solutions

Interpretation:

The product of the given reaction is has be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with cyanide ions to give nitriles. Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of H2 and raney Ni.