Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 23RQ
Of the three germ layers that give rise to all adult tissues and organs, which gives rise to the heart?
- ectoderm
- endoderm
- mesoderm
- placenta
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During pregnancy, the fetal circulatory system works differently than after birth.
Answer the following questions:
What are the fetal blood vessels that underwent transformation as a result of transition from a fetus to a newborn? What are the underlying reasons behind these changes?
Give examples of diseases resulting from failure of these changes to develop normally.
The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus are found in the fetal heart but not the normal adult heart. What do these structures do?
they allow most of the blood coming in to the right atrium to avoid the lungs
they control blood pressure
they allow blood in the lungs to stay there longer than with an adult, to fully oxygenate every cell
they allow blood to bypass the aorta and go directly to the portal system as it enters the liver
Chapter 19 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 19 - Visit this site...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is not important in...Ch. 19 - Which valve separates the left atrium from the...Ch. 19 - Which of the following lists the valves in the...Ch. 19 - Which chamber initially receives blood from the...Ch. 19 - The ________ layer secretes chemicals that help to...Ch. 19 - The myocardium would be the thickest in the...Ch. 19 - In which septum is it normal to find openings in...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle...Ch. 19 - The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau...
Ch. 19 - Which portion of the ECG corresponds to...Ch. 19 - Which component of the heart conduction system...Ch. 19 - The cardiac cycle consists of a distinct...Ch. 19 - Most blood enters the ventricle during ________....Ch. 19 - The first heart sound represents which portion of...Ch. 19 - Ventricular relaxation immediately follows...Ch. 19 - The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is...Ch. 19 - The cardiovascular centers are located in which...Ch. 19 - In a healthy young adult, what happens to cardiac...Ch. 19 - What happens to preload when there is venous...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is a positive inotrope? Na+...Ch. 19 - The earliest organ to form and begin function...Ch. 19 - Of the three germ layers that give rise to all...Ch. 19 - The two tubes that eventually fuse to form the...Ch. 19 - Which primitive area of the heart will give rise...Ch. 19 - The pulmonary trunk and aorta are derived from...Ch. 19 - Describe how the valves keep the blood moving in...Ch. 19 - Why is the pressure in the pulmonary circulation...Ch. 19 - Why is the plateau phase so critical to cardiac...Ch. 19 - How does the delay of the impulse at the...Ch. 19 - How do gap junctions and intercalated disks aid...Ch. 19 - Why do the cardiac muscles cells demonstrate...Ch. 19 - Describe one cardiac cycle, beginning with both...Ch. 19 - Why does increasing EDV increase contractility?Ch. 19 - Why is afterload important to cardiac function?Ch. 19 - Why is it so important for the human heart to...Ch. 19 - Describe how the major pumping chambers, the...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Developing fetuses obtain nutrients from their parent’s bloodstream via diffusion (Figure 1). Fetal blood enters arteries in the placenta, which branch into villus capillaries. Parental blood passes through the spiral arteries in the placenta and enters the intervillous space. Membrane transport happens across the villus. In the first trimester of pregnancy, the total surface area of villus capillaries is ~1.5m2, and the thickness of the villus is ~170μm. During the third trimester, the total surface area of the villus capillaries increases to ~12m2, and the thickness of the villus shrinks to ~40μm. Using Fick’s Law of Diffusion, estimate how many times greater uteroplacental blood flow (mL/min) is in the third trimester compared to the first trimester. Briefly explain how you reached your answer.arrow_forwardThe __________ arteries are the blood vessels of the heart, responsible for nutrient and O2 transport to the heart muscles. A part of the endocrine system, the __________ is responsible for producing T-cells in addition to producing hormones involved in controlling metabolism. The ________ diverts oxygen-poor blood away from fetal lungs, helping it to be delivered to the placental border for exchange with the maternal blood supply.arrow_forwardOf the three germ layers that give rise to all adulttissues and organs, which gives rise to the heart?a. ectodermb. endodermc. mesodermd. placentaarrow_forward
- Which of the following consists of both fetal and maternal tissues? (a) umbilical cord (b) placenta (c) amnion (d) allantois (e) yolk sacarrow_forwardWhat anatomical part of the fetus is the best part to hear the fetal heart rate (FHR)? The popliteal The back of the fetus Brachial artery The apical pulse located in the heartarrow_forwardA newborn was delivered through normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (NSVD). After the umbilical cord was cut, the number of arteries and vein was checked. You are aware that umbilical vein carries O oxygen and nutrients from the fetus to the placenta O oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus O metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the fetus to the placenta O blood from the navel into the inferior vena cava O metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the placenta to the fetus 5 7 8 9. 10 11 12 13 14arrow_forward
- Examine the diagram of fetal circulation again. Why is the umbilical vein red? Why aren’t the pulmonary veins red like they would be in adult circulation? What is the function of the ductus venosus?arrow_forwardBlood flows from the heart (specifically, the left ventricle) into the aorta to feed the rest of the body oxygen. As blood flow moves from the ascending aorta and downward to the abdominal aorta, some of the volume is directed through a branching network. As the blood reaches the pelvic region, there is a bifurcation, as shown in figure, into the left and right common iliac arteries. This bifurcation is symmetrical but the common iliac vessels are not the same diameter. Given that the kinematic viscosity of blood is 4 cSt (centistokes), the abdominal aorta’s diameter is 15 mm, the right common iliac artery’s diameter is 10 mm, and the left common iliac artery’s diameter is 8 mm, determine the mean flow rate through the right common iliac artery if the abdominal aorta’s mean velocity is 30 cm/s and the left common iliac artery’s mean velocity is 40 cm/s.arrow_forwardIn fetal circulation, blood from the placenta enters the vena cava by way of the Select one: a. ductus arteriosus (arterial duct). b. foramen ovale (oval opening). c. umbilical artery. d. ductus venosus (venous duct).arrow_forward
- Which of these statements is correct?a. Fetal circulation, like adult circulation, takes blood equally to apulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit.b. Fetal circulation shunts blood away from the lungs but makesfull use of the systemic circuit.c. Fetal circulation includes an exchange of substances betweenfetal blood and maternal blood at the placenta.d. Unlike adult circulation, fetal blood always carries oxygen-richblood and therefore has no need for the pulmonary circuit.e. Both b and c are correct.arrow_forwardAside from the nervous system, which other organs system develops out of the ectodermarrow_forwardApex of the heart is closer to the person’s head than is the base of the heart True False Septum primum is the fetal valve between the two atria, which closes after birth True False Right ventricle has a thicker muscular wall than the left ventricle True False All fluids flow from areas of lower pressure to greater pressure True False Endocardium of the heart is continuous with the endothelium of the blood vessels True Falsearrow_forward
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