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Define the difference between (a) gene and allele, (b) dominant allele and recessive allele, (c) homozygote and heterozygote, and (d) genotype and
(a)
To differentiate: Gene and allele
Introduction: Genetics is the study of genes and their inheritance patterns. Allele and gene are two common terms used in genetics.
Explanation of Solution
A gene includes a set of nucleotides that code for a particular trait.
An allele is a variant of a gene for the same trait coded by the gene.
(b)
To differentiate: Dominant and recessive allele.
Introduction: Genetics is the study of genes and their inheritance patterns. An allele is a variant of a gene for the same trait coded by the gene. Dominant and recessive alleles are two common terms used in genetics.
Explanation of Solution
The allele that is expressed in the heterozygous condition of two alleles is called as a dominant allele.
The recessive allele can be expressed only in homozygous condition. In heterozygous condition, the dominant allele masks its effects.
(c)
To differentiate: Homozygote and heterozygote.
Introduction: Genetics is the study of genes and their inheritance patterns. Homozygote and heterozygote are two common terms used in genetics. An allele is a variant of a gene for the same trait coded by the gene. Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes where one chromosome was obtained from the male gamete and the other from the female gamete at the time of the union of the nucleus during formation of zygote.
Explanation of Solution
The homozygote or homozygous condition is where the same allele is present on both the homologous chromosomes. Both the alleles are either dominant or recessive.
The heterozygote or heterozygous condition is where different alleles are present on both the homologous chromosomes. One allele is dominant and the other is recessive.
(d)
To differentiate: Genotype and phenotype
Introduction: Genetics is the study of genes and their inheritance patterns. Genotype and phenotype are two common terms used in genetics.
Explanation of Solution
The genetic makeup of an organism having genes that code for a particular trait of an individual trait is called as genotype.
The morphological or biochemical or physiological expression of the trait of the gene that encodes the trait is called the phenotype.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
- An organism that is heterozygous for a recessive and dominant allele will display what phenotype? A) Something completely different from the dominant and recessive phenotypes B) Recessive C) A mixture of the dominant and recessive phenotypes D) Dominant E) A dysfunctional phenotypearrow_forwardIn genetics, what does a genotype of Hh signify? Choose 1 answer: Choose 1 answer: (Choice A) A Homozygous; two dominant alleles (Choice B) B Homozygous; two recessive alleles (Choice C) C Heterozygous; one dominant allele and one recessive allele (Choice D) D Homozygous; one dominant allele and one recessive allelearrow_forwardIf a trait is X-linked dominant, who would express the trait? A) females homozygous for the dominant allele and males hemizygous for the recessive allele B) heterozygous females and males hemizygous for the dominant allele C) females homozygous for the recessive allele and males hemizygous for the recessive allele D) females homozygous for the recessive allele and males hemizygous for the dominant allele E) significantly more females than malesarrow_forward
- A particular person is said to be a carrier of a genetic trait. What does this tell you about their phenotype? (a) They physically show the trait. (b) They physically show the trait more than a noncarrier would show the trait.(c) They are almost normal but show an intermediate phenotype for the trait. (d) They are completely normal and do not physically show the trait.arrow_forwardWhich statement is false when considering alleles and genes? a) A given gene can have many different possible alleles. b) Alleles are alternative forms or variants of genes. c) Individuals can be homozygous or heterozygous, and this refers to which alleles they have for a particular gene. d) An allele is the same thing as a gene.arrow_forward7)Homozygote is a)an individual who has two copies of the same allele for a particular gene b)an individual who has to different alleles for a particular gene c)an individual who has one copy of the most common allele for a particular gene d)an individual who has one copy of the least common allele for a particular genearrow_forward
- One form of the bleeding disorder known as von Willebrand disease is an autosomal recessive disease. A man who is a carrier marries a woman who is also a carrier of the disease. (a) What percentage of their children are likely to have a disease phenotype? (b) What percentage of their children are likely to have a normal phenotype? (c) What percentage of their children are likely to be carriers of the disease?arrow_forwardIf a trait is X-linked recessive, who would express the trait? A) females homozygous for the dominant allele and males hemizygous for the recessive allele B) heterozygous females and males hemizygous for the dominant allele C) females homozygous for the recessive allele and males hemizygous for the recessive allele D) females homozygous for the recessive allele and males hemizygous for the dominant allele E) the same proportions of females and malesarrow_forwardHemophilia is an X-linked recessive disease. A hemophilic man marries a woman who is not a carrier of the disease. (a) Draw a Punnett square showing the genotypes of their children. (b) What are the chances that their daughters will be carriers of the disease? (c) What percentage of their children are likely to have the disease?arrow_forward
- A case when a recessive allele would be expressed even when only one copy is present would be___ a ) recessive inheritance c ) multiple allele inheritance d ) sex - linked inheritance e ) incomplete dominancearrow_forwardWhen a pair of alleles that an individual carry are the same, the person is said to be_____ for the trait a ) Polygenic b) Homologous c ) Autosomous e ) Homozygousarrow_forwardWhat do the terms genotype, phenotype, dominant, recessive, homozygous, and heterozygous mean?arrow_forward
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning