Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in prostaglandin needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon.
Sphingosine is an 18-carbon
Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.
Ester group is a derivative of a
Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.
Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.
Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the
(b)
Interpretation:
Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in androgen needs to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon
Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond
Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.
Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.
Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.
Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.
Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.
(c)
Interpretation:
Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in triacylglycerol needs to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon
Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond
Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.
Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.
Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.
Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.
Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.
(d)
Interpretation:
Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in wax needs to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon
Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond
Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.
Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.
Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.
Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.
Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM
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