Chapter 19, Problem 19.5E

Draw structural formulas for the following amino acids, identify the chiral carbon atom in each one, and circle the four different groups attached to the chiral carbon.

a. valine

b. glutamate

c. asparagine

d. cysteine

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the amino acid, valine is to be drawn. The chiral carbon atom in it is to be identified. The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Amino acids are organic compounds which combine sequentially to generate a protein. They are known as the building blocks of the human body. The main elements present in amino acids are carbon, nitrogen and oxygen while the side chains attached to the chiral carbon atom contain other elements.

Answer to Problem 19.5E

The structural formula for the amino acid, valine is shown below.

The chiral carbon atom in it is shown below.

The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are circled as shown below.

Explanation of Solution

Amino acids are formed by an amine and a carboxylic acid attached to a carbon atom with a characteristic side chain. The carboxylic acid in amino acids is usually in an ionic form and therefore, it is known as carboxylate group.

The structure of valine is given below.

Figure 1

The chiral carbon atom in it is shown below.

Figure 2

The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are circled as shown below.

Figure 3

Conclusion

The structural formula for the amino acid, valine is shown in Figure 1. The chiral carbon atom in it is shown in Figure 2. The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are shown in Figure 3.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the amino acid, glutamate is to be drawn. The chiral carbon atom in it is to be identified. The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Amino acids are organic compounds which combine sequentially to generate a protein. They are known as the building blocks of the human body. The main elements present in amino acids are carbon, nitrogen and oxygen while the side chains attached to the chiral carbon atom contain other elements.

Answer to Problem 19.5E

The structural formula for the amino acid, glutamate is shown below.

The chiral carbon atom in it is shown below.

The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are circled as shown below.

Explanation of Solution

Amino acids are formed by an amine and a carboxylic acid attached to a carbon atom with a characteristic side chain. The carboxylic acid in amino acids is usually in an ionic form and therefore, it is known as carboxylate group.

The structure of glutamate is given below.

Figure 4

The chiral carbon atom in it is shown below.

Figure 5

The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are circled as shown below.

Figure 6

Conclusion

The structural formula for the amino acid, glutamate is shown in Figure 4. The chiral carbon atom in it is shown in Figure 5. The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are shown in Figure 6.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the amino acid, aspargine is to be drawn. The chiral carbon atom in it is to be identified. The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Amino acids are organic compounds which combine sequentially to generate a protein. They are known as the building blocks of the human body. The main elements present in amino acids are carbon, nitrogen and oxygen while the side chains attached to the chiral carbon atom contain other elements.

Answer to Problem 19.5E

The structural formula for the amino acid, aspargine is shown below.

The chiral carbon atom in it is shown below.

The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are circled as shown below.

Explanation of Solution

Amino acids are formed by an amine and a carboxylic acid attached to a carbon atom with a characteristic side chain. The carboxylic acid in amino acids is usually in an ionic form and therefore, it is known as carboxylate group.

The structure of aspargine is given below.

Figure 7

The chiral carbon atom in it is shown below.

Figure 8

The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are circled as shown below.

Figure 9

Conclusion

The structural formula for the amino acid, aspargine is shown in Figure 7. The chiral carbon atom in it is shown in Figure 8. The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are shown in Figure 9.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the amino acid, cysteine is to be drawn. The chiral carbon atom in it is to be identified. The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Amino acids are organic compounds which combine sequentially to generate a protein. They are known as the building blocks of the human body. The main elements present in amino acids are carbon, nitrogen and oxygen while the side chains attached to the chiral carbon atom contain other elements.

Answer to Problem 19.5E

The structural formula for the amino acid, cysteine is shown below.

The chiral carbon atom in it is shown below.

The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are circled as shown below.

Explanation of Solution

Amino acids are formed by an amine and a carboxylic acid attached to a carbon atom with a characteristic side chain. The carboxylic acid in amino acids is usually in an ionic form and therefore, it is known as carboxylate group.

The structure of cysteine is given below.

Figure 10

The chiral carbon atom in it is shown below.

Figure 11

The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are circled as shown below.

Figure 12

Conclusion

The structural formula for the amino acid, cysteine is shown in Figure 10. The chiral carbon atom in it is shown in Figure 11. The four different groups attached to the chiral carbon atom are shown in Figure 12.