(a) Interpretation: How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown. Concept introduction: A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 19.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 19.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 19.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.1P Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.2P Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.3P Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.4P Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.5P Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.6P Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.7P Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.8P Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.9P Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains how a lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkenyl halide.

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