PKG ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259963667
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 19, Problem 19.26P
Explain why the
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Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition
Consider the following equilibrium:
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) = 2NH3 (g) AG⁰ = -34. KJ
Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 8.06 atm of nitrogen (N2) and 2.58 atm of ammonia (NH3) at 106. °C. Answer the following questions about this
system:
?
rise
Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2 tend to rise or fall?
☐ x10
fall
Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂?
In other words, if you said the pressure of N2 will tend to rise, can that be
changed to a tendency to fall by adding H₂? Similarly, if you said the
pressure of N2 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise
by adding H₂?
If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate
the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
yes
no
☐
atm
☑
5
00.
18
Ar
Chapter 19 Solutions
PKG ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.1PCh. 19 - Problem 19.2 Give the structure corresponding to...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.3 Draw the structure corresponding to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.4PCh. 19 - Prob. 19.5PCh. 19 - Problem 19.6 Rank the following compounds in order...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.7 Explain how you could use IR...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.8PCh. 19 - Problem 19.9 How many tetrahedral stereogenic...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.10 What alcohol can be oxidized to each...
Ch. 19 - Problem 19.11 Identify A-D in the following...Ch. 19 - Problem 9.12 Draw the cation that results when a...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.13 Draw the products of each acid-base...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.14 Given the values in Appendix A,...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.15 Rank the labeled protons in...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.16 Match each of the following values ...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.17 Rank the compounds in each group in...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.18 Rank the compounds in each group in...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.19PCh. 19 - Problem 19.20 Which of the following pairs of...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.21 Two other commonly used sulfonic...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.22 Draw both enantiomers of each amino...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.23 Explain why amino acids, unlike most...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.24 Draw the positively charged,...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.25PCh. 19 - Problem 19.26 Explain why the of the group of...Ch. 19 - Answer each question for A and B depicted in the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.28PCh. 19 - 19.29 Give the IUPAC name for each compound.
a....Ch. 19 - 19.30 Draw the structure corresponding to each...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.31PCh. 19 - 19.32 Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 19 - 19.33 Draw the organic products formed in each...Ch. 19 - 19.34 Identify the lettered compounds in each...Ch. 19 - 19.35 Using the table in Appendix A, determine...Ch. 19 - 19.36 Draw the products of each acid-base...Ch. 19 - 19.37 Which compound in each pair has the lower ?...Ch. 19 - 19.38 Rank the compounds in each group in order of...Ch. 19 - 19.39 Rank the compounds in each group in order of...Ch. 19 - 19.40 Match the values to the appropriate...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.41PCh. 19 - 19.42 Which carboxylic acid has the lower ,...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.43PCh. 19 - 19.44 Explain the following statement. Although...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.45PCh. 19 - 19.46 Explain why the of compound A is lower than...Ch. 19 - 19.47 Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.48PCh. 19 - Prob. 19.49PCh. 19 - 19.50 Draw all resonance structures of the...Ch. 19 - As we will see in Chapter 23, CH bonds are...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.52PCh. 19 - The pKa of acetamide (CH3CONH2) is 16. Draw the...Ch. 19 - 19.54 Write out the steps needed to separate...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.55PCh. 19 - Can octane and octan -1- ol be separated using an...Ch. 19 - 19.57 Identify each compound from its spectral...Ch. 19 - 19.58 Use the NMR and IR spectra given below to...Ch. 19 - 19.59 An unknown compound (molecular formula )...Ch. 19 - 19.60 Propose a structure for (molecular formula...Ch. 19 - 19.61 Match the data to the appropriate...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.62PCh. 19 - Prob. 19.63PCh. 19 - Prob. 19.64PCh. 19 - 19.65 For each amino acid ,draw its neutral,...Ch. 19 - Calculate the isoelectric point for each amino...Ch. 19 - 19.67 Lysine and tryptophan are two amino acids...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.68PCh. 19 - Prob. 19.69PCh. 19 - Prob. 19.70PCh. 19 - 19.71 Hydroxy butanedioic acid occurs naturally in...Ch. 19 - 19.72 Although it was initially sold as a rat...
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- i need help with the followingarrow_forwardUsing reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: 2NO(g) +Cl₂ (g) = 2NOC1 (g) AGº = -41. kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 8.90 atm of chlorine (C12) and 5.71 atm of nitrosyl chloride (NOC1) at 1075. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of NOCI tend to rise or fall? x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO? In other words, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO? Similarly, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding NO? yes no If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of NO needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. atm ☑ 18 Ararrow_forwardIdentifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that HCN is a weak acid. acids: 0.29 mol of NaOH is added to 1.0 L of a 1.2M HCN solution. bases: ☑ other: 0.09 mol of HCl is added to acids: 1.0 L of a solution that is bases: 0.3M in both HCN and KCN. other: 0,0,... ? 00. 18 Ar 日arrow_forward
- Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid. acids: 0.2 mol of KOH is added to 1.0 L of a 0.5 M HF solution. bases: Х other: ☐ acids: 0.10 mol of HI is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is 1.4M in both HF and NaF. bases: other: ☐ 0,0,... ด ? 18 Ararrow_forwardIdentifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that NH3 is a weak base. acids: ☐ 1.8 mol of HCl is added to 1.0 L of a 1.0M NH3 bases: ☐ solution. other: ☐ 0.18 mol of HNO3 is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is 1.4M in both NH3 and NH₁Br. acids: bases: ☐ other: ☐ 0,0,... ? 000 18 Ar B 1arrow_forwardUsing reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: 2NH3 (g) = N2 (g) +3H₂ —N2 (g) AGº = 34. kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.19 atm of ammonia (NH3) and 9.94 atm of nitrogen (N2) at 378. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of NH 3 tend to rise or fall? ☐ x10 fall Х Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂? In other words, if you said the pressure of NH 3 will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding H₂? Similarly, if you said the pressure of NH3 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding H₂? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. yes no atm 00. 18 Ar 무ㅎ ?arrow_forward
- Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid. 2.2 mol of NaOH is added to 1.0 L of a 1.4M HF solution. acids: П bases: Х other: ☐ ப acids: 0.51 mol of KOH is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is bases: 1.3M in both HF and NaF. other: ☐ 00. 18 Ararrow_forwardUsing reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g) AG⁰ = 5.4 kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 1.68 atm of dinitrogen tetroxide (N204) at 148. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2O4 tend to rise or fall? x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO2? In other words, if you said the pressure of N2O4 will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO2? Similarly, if you said the pressure of N2O4 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding NO2? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of NO 2 needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. yes no 0.42 atm ☑ 5 0/5 ? مله Ararrow_forwardHomework 13 (Ch17) Question 4 of 4 (1 point) | Question Attempt: 2 of 2 ✓ 1 ✓ 2 = 3 4 Time Remaining: 4:25:54 Using the thermodynamic information in the ALEKS Data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy of the following chemical reaction: 2CH3OH (g)+302 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 4H₂O (g) Round your answer to zero decimal places. ☐ kJ x10 ☐ Subm Check 2020 Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Cearrow_forward
- Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria Your answer is incorrect. • Row 2: Your answer is incorrect. • Row 3: Your answer is incorrect. • Row 6: Your answer is incorrect. 0/5 The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid. acids: HF 0.1 mol of NaOH is added to 1.0 L of a 0.7M HF solution. bases: 0.13 mol of HCl is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is 1.0M in both HF and KF. Exponent other: F acids: HF bases: F other: K 1 0,0,... ? 000 18 Ararrow_forwardUsing reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: 2NOCI (g) 2NO (g) + Cl2 (g) AGº =41. kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.50 atm of nitrosyl chloride (NOCI) and 6.38 atm of chlorine (C12) at 212. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: ? rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of NOCI tend to rise or fall? x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO? In other words, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO? Similarly, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding NO? yes no If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of NO needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. 0.035 atm ✓ G 00. 18 Ararrow_forwardHighlight each glycosidic bond in the molecule below. Then answer the questions in the table under the drawing area. HO- HO- -0 OH OH HO NG HO- HO- OH OH OH OH NG OHarrow_forward
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