Concept explainers
To determine: What does an erythrocyte gain by the loss of its nucleus and organelles.
Concept introduction: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. It mainly consists of four types of components, namely red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and platelets.
(a)
To determine: The cellular processes erythrocyte can no longer engage in due to the loss of its nucleus.
Concept introduction: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. It mainly consists of four types of components, namely red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and platelets.
(b)
To determine: The cellular processes that erythrocyte can no longer engage in due to the loss of its mitochondria.
Concept introduction: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. It mainly consists of four types of components, namely red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and platelets.
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEGRATIVE APP
- A cell expresses a transmembrane protein that is cleaved at the plasma membrane to release an extracellular fragment. The fragment binds to receptor proteins on nearby cells and activates signaling pathways resulting in altered gene expression patterns in the cells. What form of intercellular signaling does this represent? OA. Contact-dependent signaling B. Paracrine signaling OC. Synaptic signaling D. Endocrine signaling E. Autocrine signalingarrow_forwardWhich of the following drive nuclearly encoded proteins import into the mitochondrial matrix? OA. ATP hydrolysis OB. Membrane Potential OC. K+ Ions OD. A and B OE. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true regarding Cholesterol import into the cell? OA. It is transported within LDL B. Receptor mediated endocytosis is involved OC. Release of cholesterol occurs in the Lysosome D. All of the above are true statements OE. None of the above are true statementsarrow_forward
- In which of the following schematic drawings of signaling pathways does the activation of the receptor lead to gene expression? Activating and inhibitory steps are indicated with (+) and (-), respectively. OA OB ㅇㅂㅇㅂㅇㅁ (+) Gene Expression Activated Signaling proteins Transcription receptor activator Bl D Gene Expression Gene Expression ㅁㅁㅇ Gene Expression Gene Expressionarrow_forwardWhich of the following events normally activates a GTP-binding protein? OA. GTP hydrolysis by the protein OB. Activation of an upstream GTPase-activating protein OC. Activation of an upstream guanine nucleotide exchange factor OD. Phosphorylation of a bound GDP molecule by an upstream phosphorylase OE. Pi release after GTP hydrolysisarrow_forwardProteins that are synthesized on the Rough ER are imported into the ER lumen after their signal sequence is recognized. Which of the following is responsible for the signal recognition? OA. Signal Recognition Particle, OB. Signal Sequence C. Stop-transfer sequence OD. Both B and C OE. None of the abovearrow_forward
- Stroma Light 4 H 4 H I Thylakoid- membran 2 H₂O D1 D2 Min Light 2,6 ATP 2 NADP+ 2 NADPH/H+ Fp 2,6 ADP +2,6 P 8 H+ 12 H+ 4 H+ Lumen PS II Cyt bef PS I ATP-Synthase 12345 5a 5b 6arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is TRUE regarding the signal recognition particle (SRP)? OA. SRP is made up of RNA and Proteins B. SRP binds to the signal sequence OC. SRP binds to the elongation factor binding site on the ribosome and pauses translation D. All of the above are true statements OE. None of the above are true statementsarrow_forwardWhich of the following pathways does NOT directly deliver materials to lysosomes? OA. Endocytosis B. Exocytosis OC. Phagocytosis OD. Autophagy OE. Macropinocytosisarrow_forward
- You suspect a protein to be secreted out of a cell. What experiment would you perform to follow the movement of this protein through the secretory pathway? A. Pulse - Chase Experiment OB. Signal Sequence Deletion C. Signal Sequence Mutation OD. All of the above E. None of the abovearrow_forwardA schematic drawing of the secretory and endocytic pathways is presented below. Indicate which component in the drawing (A to J) corresponds to each of the following. Your answer would be a 10-letter string composed of letters A to J only, c.g. HICDJABFGE. nuclear envelope Early endosome Late endosome ER Lysosome A ( ) cis Golgi cisterna () modial Golgi cisterna () trans Golgi cisterna [] cis Golgi network (CGN) () trans Golgi network (TGN) () Secretory Vesicle B C D E CYTOSOL F G H plasma membranearrow_forwardWhich of the following guide transport vesicles to their target membrane? A. Rab monomeric GTPases B. Signal Sequence OC. Heat Shock Proteins OD. All of the above O E. None of the abovearrow_forward
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