The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn. Concept Introduction: The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: − NH 2 , − OH , − R , − OR . Some of the deactivating substituents are: − CHO , − COOR , − X , − COCl . Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

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The Concept of Aromaticity 21.15 State the number of 2p orbital electrons in each molecule or ion. (a) (b) (e) (f) (c) (d) (h) (i) DA (k) 21.16 Which of the molecules and ions given in Problem 21.15 are aromatic according to the Hückel criteria? Which, if planar, would be antiaromatic? 21.17 Which of the following structures are considered aromatic according to the Hückel criteria? ---0-0 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (h) H -H .8.0- 21.18 Which of the molecules and ions from Problem 21.17 have electrons donated by a heteroatom?

1. Show the steps necessary to make 2-methyl-4-nonene using a Wittig reaction. Start with triphenylphosphine and an alkyl halide. After that you may use any other organic or inorganic reagents. 2. Write in the product of this reaction: CH3 CH₂ (C6H5)₂CuLi H₂O+

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

Answer 6

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

Answer 7

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

Answer 8

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

Answer 9

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 13

Ch. 18.1 - Draw the structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 18.3 - Why does hydration inactivate FeBr3?Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 4P Ch. 18.7 - What is the major product of a Friedel-Crafts...Ch. 18.9 - Describe two ways to prepare each of the following...Ch. 18.10 - Prob. 7P Ch. 18.11 - Name the following:Ch. 18.11 - Draw a structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 18.11 - Draw the structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 18.11 - Correct the following incorrect names: a....

Solution Summary: The author explains that the reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents.

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Chapter 18 Solutions