The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn. Concept Introduction: The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: − NH 2 , − OH , − R , − OR . Some of the deactivating substituents are: − CHO , − COOR , − X , − COCl . Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

Answer 6

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

Answer 7

Chapter 18.13, Problem 16P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The resonance contributors for benzaldehyde has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituent. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

Answer 8

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

Answer 9

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance contributors for chlorobenzene has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents. The deactivating substituents make the benzene ring less reactive. Some of the activating substituents are: −NH2, −OH, −R, −OR. Some of the deactivating substituents are: −CHO, −COOR,−X,−COCl. Activating substituents are ortho-para director while deactivating substituents are meta director.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 18.1 - Draw the structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 18.3 - Why does hydration inactivate FeBr3?Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 4P Ch. 18.7 - What is the major product of a Friedel-Crafts...Ch. 18.9 - Describe two ways to prepare each of the following...Ch. 18.10 - Prob. 7P Ch. 18.11 - Name the following:Ch. 18.11 - Draw a structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 18.11 - Draw the structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 18.11 - Correct the following incorrect names: a....

Solution Summary: The author explains that the reactivity of benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is enhanced by the activating substituents.

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Chapter 18 Solutions