Chapter 18.1, Problem 18.1AFP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Among the given pair of acids $\text{HClO}$ or ${\text{HClO}}_3$ the stronger or weaker acid is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The acids which have higher value of acid dissociation constant $\left(K_a\right)$ is the strong acid and they are completely dissociated into the aqueous solution but the acids which have a lower value of acid dissociation constant $\left(K_{\text{a}}\right)$ is called weak acid and they are not completely dissociated into the aqueous solution.

The bases which have higher value of base dissociation constant $\left(K_{\text{b}}\right)$ is the strong bases and they are completely dissociated into the aqueous solution but the bases which have a lower value of bases dissociation constant $\left(K_{\text{b}}\right)$ is called weak bases and they are not completely dissociated into the aqueous solution.

The strong acid has a stable conjugate base, as the stability of the conjugate base is increased, the acidity of the acid will be increased.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Among the given pair of acids $\text{HCl}$ or ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ the stronger or weaker acid is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The acids which have higher value of acid dissociation constant $\left(K_a\right)$ is the strong acid and they are completely dissociated into the aqueous solution but the acids which have a lower value of acid dissociation constant $\left(K_{\text{a}}\right)$ is called weak acid and they are not completely dissociated into the aqueous solution.

The bases which have higher value of base dissociation constant $\left(K_{\text{b}}\right)$ is the strong bases and they are completely dissociated into the aqueous solution but the bases which have a lower value of bases dissociation constant $\left(K_{\text{b}}\right)$ is called weak bases and they are not completely dissociated into the aqueous solution.

The strong acid has a stable conjugate base, as the stability of the conjugate base is increased, the acidity of the acid will be increased.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Among the given pair of acids $\text{NaOH}$ or ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{NH}}_2$ the stronger or weaker base is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The bases which have higher value of base dissociation constant $\left(K_{\text{b}}\right)$ is the strong bases and they are completely dissociated into the aqueous solution but the bases which have a lower value of bases dissociation constant $\left(K_{\text{b}}\right)$ is called weak bases and they are not completely dissociated into the aqueous solution.