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Introduction:
A vaccine is defined as a preparation of bacterial, viral, or other pathogenic agents or their isolated peptides, which is administered with the objective of eliciting the recipient’s immunity. They are generally categorized into attenuated and inactivated vaccines. In attenuated vaccines, the immune response eliciting agentsare the weakened pathogens that cannot cause disease. They replicate in the recipient’s body and cause mild infection, which usually cannot be detected and elicits an immune response providing long-lasting immunity. Inactivated vaccines have inactivated pathogens as immune response eliciting agent. These agents do not replicate in therecipient’s body.
Immunosuppressed individuals are those individuals that have diminished immune response to antigens due to varied reasons ranging from systematic illness to immunosuppressive treatments. Measles is a viral infection caused by approximately 21 different strains of thevirus. The most common symptoms seen during a measles infection are adry cough, regular sneezing, and watery eyes. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine are usually administered to prevent measles.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
- Identify the indicated tissue? (stem x.s.) parenchyma collenchyma sclerenchyma ○ xylem ○ phloem none of thesearrow_forwardWhere did this structure originate from? (Salix branch root) epidermis cortex endodermis pericycle vascular cylinderarrow_forwardIdentify the indicated tissue. (Tilia stem x.s.) parenchyma collenchyma sclerenchyma xylem phloem none of thesearrow_forward
- Identify the indicated structure. (Cucurbita stem l.s.) pit lenticel stomate tendril none of thesearrow_forwardIdentify the specific cell? (Zebrina leaf peel) vessel element sieve element companion cell tracheid guard cell subsidiary cell none of thesearrow_forwardWhat type of cells flank the opening on either side? (leaf x.s.) vessel elements sieve elements companion cells tracheids guard cells none of thesearrow_forward
- What specific cell is indicated. (Cucurbita stem I.s.) vessel element sieve element O companion cell tracheid guard cell none of thesearrow_forwardWhat specific cell is indicated? (Aristolochia stem x.s.) vessel element sieve element ○ companion cell O O O O O tracheid O guard cell none of thesearrow_forwardIdentify the tissue. parenchyma collenchyma sclerenchyma ○ xylem O phloem O none of thesearrow_forward
- Please answer q3arrow_forwardRespond to the following in a minimum of 175 words: How might CRISPR-Cas 9 be used in research or, eventually, therapeutically in patients? What are some potential ethical issues associated with using this technology? Do the advantages of using this technology outweigh the disadvantages (or vice versa)? Explain your position.arrow_forwardYou are studying the effect of directional selection on body height in three populations (graphs a, b, and c below). (a) What is the selection differential? Show your calculation. (2 pts) (b) Which population has the highest narrow sense heritability for height? Explain your answer. (2 pts) (c) If you examined the offspring in the next generation in each population, which population would have the highest mean height? Why? (2 pts) (a) Midoffspring height (average height of offspring) Short Short Short Short (c) Short (b) Short Tall Short Tall Short Short Tall Midparent height (average height of Mean of population = 65 inches Mean of breading parents = 70 inches Mean of population = 65 inches Mean of breading parents = 70 inches Mean of population = 65 inches Mean of breading parents = 70 inchesarrow_forward
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