Chapter 18, Problem 3QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes for the reactions are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

$\Delta G^{\text{o}}$ is the actual free energy. It is a thermodynamic function and is also known as Gibb’s free energy.

Gibbs free energy is defined as the energy that can be used to get work done. The abbreviation for Gibbs Free Energy is $\Delta G$.

Gibbs free energy is defined as the energy that can be used to get work done. It is denoted a $\Delta G$. Free energy vary with the spontaneity of a process. If a process is spontaneous, $\Delta G<0$, but if a process is non-spontaneous, $\Delta G>\text{0}$. If a process is at equilibrium, $\Delta G=\text{0}$.

The standard free energy, abbreviated as $\Delta G^o$, is defined as the change in free energy of a reaction, thatoccurs when the productsareformed in their standard state from reactants in their standardstates.

The Gibbs free energy change is calculated by using the expression as:

$\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S$

Here, $\Delta G$ is Gibbs free energy change, $\Delta H$ is the enthalpy change, $T$ is the temperature, and $\Delta S$ is the entropy change.