(a) Interpretation: The carbonyl compound, and diol needed to prepare the given compound are to be stated. Concept introduction: Both aldehydes and ketones yield acetal, when they are treated with diols in the presence of aqueous acidic media. Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to two OR groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound, and diol needed to prepare the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Both aldehydes and ketones yield acetal, when they are treated with diols in the presence of aqueous acidic media. Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to two OR groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound, and diol needed to prepare the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Both aldehydes and ketones yield acetal, when they are treated with diols in the presence of aqueous acidic media. Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to two OR groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

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Indicate the processes in the dismutation of Cu2O.

1. Consider these three reactions as the elementary steps in the mechanism for a chemical reaction. 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 Potential Energy (kJ) 600 400 200 0 -200- -400 -600- -800 (i) Cl₂ (g) + Pt(s) → 2Cl (g) + Pt(s) (ii) Cl (g)+ CO (g) + Pt (s) → CICO (g) + Pt (s) Ea = 1550 kJ Ea = 2240 kJ (iii) Cl (g) + CICO (g) → Cl₂CO (g) Ea = 2350 kJ AH=-950 kJ ΔΗ = 575 ΚΙ AH=-825 kJ a. Draw the potential energy diagram for the reaction. Label the data points for clarity. The potential energy of the reactants is 600 kJ Reaction Progress b. What is the overall chemical equation? c. What is the overall change in enthalpy for the above chemical reaction? d. What is the overall amount of activation energy for the above chemical reaction? e. Which reaction intermediate would be considered a catalyst (if any) and why? f. If you were to add 2700kJ of energy to the reaction (e.g. 2700 kl of heat or electricity), would you be able to make the reaction reverse itself (i.e. have…

draw the enolate anion and the carbonyl that would be needed to make this product through an aldol addition reaction.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound, and diol needed to prepare the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Both aldehydes and ketones yield acetal, when they are treated with diols in the presence of aqueous acidic media. Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to two OR groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound, and diol needed to prepare the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Both aldehydes and ketones yield acetal, when they are treated with diols in the presence of aqueous acidic media. Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to two OR groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound, and diol needed to prepare the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Both aldehydes and ketones yield acetal, when they are treated with diols in the presence of aqueous acidic media. Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to two OR groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound, and diol needed to prepare the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Both aldehydes and ketones yield acetal, when they are treated with diols in the presence of aqueous acidic media. Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to two OR groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound, and diol needed to prepare the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Both aldehydes and ketones yield acetal, when they are treated with diols in the presence of aqueous acidic media. Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to two OR groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound, and diol needed to prepare the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Both aldehydes and ketones yield acetal, when they are treated with diols in the presence of aqueous acidic media. Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to two OR groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound, and diol needed to prepare the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Both aldehydes and ketones yield acetal, when they are treated with diols in the presence of aqueous acidic media. Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to two OR groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound, and diol needed to prepare the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Both aldehydes and ketones yield acetal, when they are treated with diols in the presence of aqueous acidic media. Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to two OR groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound, and diol needed to prepare the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Both aldehydes and ketones yield acetal, when they are treated with diols in the presence of aqueous acidic media. Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to two OR groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound, and diol needed to prepare the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Both aldehydes and ketones yield acetal, when they are treated with diols in the presence of aqueous acidic media. Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to two OR groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound, and diol needed to prepare the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Both aldehydes and ketones yield acetal, when they are treated with diols in the presence of aqueous acidic media. Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to two OR groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound, and diol needed to prepare the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Both aldehydes and ketones yield acetal, when they are treated with diols in the presence of aqueous acidic media. Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to two OR groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 18.1 - Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 18.2 - Give the IUPAC name for each aldehyde.Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 18.2 - Give the IUPAC name for each ketone.Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 11P Ch. 18.9 - Problem 21.17 Draw the products of the following...Ch. 18.9 - Problem 21.18 Outline a synthesis of each Wittig...Ch. 18.9 - Problem 21.19 Draw the products (including...Ch. 18.9 - Problem 21.20 What starting materials are needed...

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