(a) Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of g e m -diol at equilibrium is to be identified. Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound reacts with water in presence of acid or base forms g e m -diol or hydrate. The yield of the g e m -diol depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.12, Problem 25P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of gem-diol at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound reacts with water in presence of acid or base forms gem-diol or hydrate. The yield of the gem-diol depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of gem-diol at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound on treatment with water in presence of acid or base forms gem-diol or hydrate. The yield of the gem-diol depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.12, Problem 25P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of gem-diol at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound reacts with water in presence of acid or base forms gem-diol or hydrate. The yield of the gem-diol depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of gem-diol at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound on treatment with water in presence of acid or base forms gem-diol or hydrate. The yield of the gem-diol depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.12, Problem 25P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of gem-diol at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound reacts with water in presence of acid or base forms gem-diol or hydrate. The yield of the gem-diol depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of gem-diol at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound on treatment with water in presence of acid or base forms gem-diol or hydrate. The yield of the gem-diol depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.12, Problem 25P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of gem-diol at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound reacts with water in presence of acid or base forms gem-diol or hydrate. The yield of the gem-diol depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of gem-diol at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound on treatment with water in presence of acid or base forms gem-diol or hydrate. The yield of the gem-diol depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18.12, Problem 25P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of gem-diol at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound reacts with water in presence of acid or base forms gem-diol or hydrate. The yield of the gem-diol depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of gem-diol at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound on treatment with water in presence of acid or base forms gem-diol or hydrate. The yield of the gem-diol depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

Answer 6

Chapter 18.12, Problem 25P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of gem-diol at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound reacts with water in presence of acid or base forms gem-diol or hydrate. The yield of the gem-diol depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

Answer 7

Chapter 18.12, Problem 25P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of gem-diol at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound reacts with water in presence of acid or base forms gem-diol or hydrate. The yield of the gem-diol depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of gem-diol at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound on treatment with water in presence of acid or base forms gem-diol or hydrate. The yield of the gem-diol depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Among the given pair of compounds, the compound which forms the higher percentage of gem-diol at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Carbonyl compound on treatment with water in presence of acid or base forms gem-diol or hydrate. The yield of the gem-diol depends on the stability of the carbonyl compound. Electron donating groups stabilize the carbonyl compounds, decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. Electron withdrawing groups destabilize the carbonyl compounds, increases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 18.1 - Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 18.2 - Give the IUPAC name for each aldehyde.Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 18.2 - Give the IUPAC name for each ketone.Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 11P Ch. 18.9 - Problem 21.17 Draw the products of the following...Ch. 18.9 - Problem 21.18 Outline a synthesis of each Wittig...Ch. 18.9 - Problem 21.19 Draw the products (including...Ch. 18.9 - Problem 21.20 What starting materials are needed...

Solution Summary: The author explains that carbonyl compound reacts with water in presence of acid or base forms gem-diol or hydrate. The number of alkyl groups is higher in given ket

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