(a) Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted. Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound ( aldehyde or ketone ) reacts with 1 ο amine to yield imine, and reacts with 2 ο amine to yield enamine. The mechanism of both reactions are identical except for the last step. The last step for enamine formation involves loss of a proton from the adjacent C − H bond, whereas the last step for imine formation involves loss of a proton from the N atom itself.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with 1ο amine to yield imine, and reacts with 2ο amine to yield enamine. The mechanism of both reactions are identical except for the last step. The last step for enamine formation involves loss of a proton from the adjacent C−H bond, whereas the last step for imine formation involves loss of a proton from the N atom itself.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with 1ο amine to yield imine, and reacts with 2ο amine to yield enamine. The mechanism of both reactions are identical except for the last step. The last step for enamine formation involves loss of a proton from the adjacent C−H bond, whereas the last step for imine formation involves loss of a proton from the N atom itself.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two OR groups through single bonds. A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) yields an acetal, when it is treated with two equivalents of an alcohol or one equivalent of diol in the presence of strong acid. The reaction is reversible.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two OR groups through single bonds. A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) yields an acetal, when it is treated with two equivalents of an alcohol or one equivalent of diol in the presence of strong acid. The reaction is reversible.

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Photochemical smog is formed in part by the action of light on nitrogen dioxide. The wavelength of radiation absorbed by NO2 in this reaction is 197 nm.(a) Draw the Lewis structure of NO2 and sketch its π molecular orbitals.(b) When 1.56 mJ of energy is absorbed by 3.0 L of air at 20 °C and 0.91 atm, all the NO2 molecules in this sample dissociate by the reaction shown. Assume that each absorbed photon leads to the dissociation (into NO and O) of one NO2 molecule. What is the proportion, in parts per million, of NO2 molecules in this sample? Assume that the sample behaves ideally.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with 1ο amine to yield imine, and reacts with 2ο amine to yield enamine. The mechanism of both reactions are identical except for the last step. The last step for enamine formation involves loss of a proton from the adjacent C−H bond, whereas the last step for imine formation involves loss of a proton from the N atom itself.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with 1ο amine to yield imine, and reacts with 2ο amine to yield enamine. The mechanism of both reactions are identical except for the last step. The last step for enamine formation involves loss of a proton from the adjacent C−H bond, whereas the last step for imine formation involves loss of a proton from the N atom itself.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two OR groups through single bonds. A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) yields an acetal, when it is treated with two equivalents of an alcohol or one equivalent of diol in the presence of strong acid. The reaction is reversible.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two OR groups through single bonds. A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) yields an acetal, when it is treated with two equivalents of an alcohol or one equivalent of diol in the presence of strong acid. The reaction is reversible.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with 1ο amine to yield imine, and reacts with 2ο amine to yield enamine. The mechanism of both reactions are identical except for the last step. The last step for enamine formation involves loss of a proton from the adjacent C−H bond, whereas the last step for imine formation involves loss of a proton from the N atom itself.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with 1ο amine to yield imine, and reacts with 2ο amine to yield enamine. The mechanism of both reactions are identical except for the last step. The last step for enamine formation involves loss of a proton from the adjacent C−H bond, whereas the last step for imine formation involves loss of a proton from the N atom itself.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two OR groups through single bonds. A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) yields an acetal, when it is treated with two equivalents of an alcohol or one equivalent of diol in the presence of strong acid. The reaction is reversible.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two OR groups through single bonds. A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) yields an acetal, when it is treated with two equivalents of an alcohol or one equivalent of diol in the presence of strong acid. The reaction is reversible.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with 1ο amine to yield imine, and reacts with 2ο amine to yield enamine. The mechanism of both reactions are identical except for the last step. The last step for enamine formation involves loss of a proton from the adjacent C−H bond, whereas the last step for imine formation involves loss of a proton from the N atom itself.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with 1ο amine to yield imine, and reacts with 2ο amine to yield enamine. The mechanism of both reactions are identical except for the last step. The last step for enamine formation involves loss of a proton from the adjacent C−H bond, whereas the last step for imine formation involves loss of a proton from the N atom itself.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two OR groups through single bonds. A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) yields an acetal, when it is treated with two equivalents of an alcohol or one equivalent of diol in the presence of strong acid. The reaction is reversible.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two OR groups through single bonds. A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) yields an acetal, when it is treated with two equivalents of an alcohol or one equivalent of diol in the presence of strong acid. The reaction is reversible.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with 1ο amine to yield imine, and reacts with 2ο amine to yield enamine. The mechanism of both reactions are identical except for the last step. The last step for enamine formation involves loss of a proton from the adjacent C−H bond, whereas the last step for imine formation involves loss of a proton from the N atom itself.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with 1ο amine to yield imine, and reacts with 2ο amine to yield enamine. The mechanism of both reactions are identical except for the last step. The last step for enamine formation involves loss of a proton from the adjacent C−H bond, whereas the last step for imine formation involves loss of a proton from the N atom itself.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two OR groups through single bonds. A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) yields an acetal, when it is treated with two equivalents of an alcohol or one equivalent of diol in the presence of strong acid. The reaction is reversible.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two OR groups through single bonds. A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) yields an acetal, when it is treated with two equivalents of an alcohol or one equivalent of diol in the presence of strong acid. The reaction is reversible.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with 1ο amine to yield imine, and reacts with 2ο amine to yield enamine. The mechanism of both reactions are identical except for the last step. The last step for enamine formation involves loss of a proton from the adjacent C−H bond, whereas the last step for imine formation involves loss of a proton from the N atom itself.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with 1ο amine to yield imine, and reacts with 2ο amine to yield enamine. The mechanism of both reactions are identical except for the last step. The last step for enamine formation involves loss of a proton from the adjacent C−H bond, whereas the last step for imine formation involves loss of a proton from the N atom itself.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with 1ο amine to yield imine, and reacts with 2ο amine to yield enamine. The mechanism of both reactions are identical except for the last step. The last step for enamine formation involves loss of a proton from the adjacent C−H bond, whereas the last step for imine formation involves loss of a proton from the N atom itself.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with 1ο amine to yield imine, and reacts with 2ο amine to yield enamine. The mechanism of both reactions are identical except for the last step. The last step for enamine formation involves loss of a proton from the adjacent C−H bond, whereas the last step for imine formation involves loss of a proton from the N atom itself.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two OR groups through single bonds. A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) yields an acetal, when it is treated with two equivalents of an alcohol or one equivalent of diol in the presence of strong acid. The reaction is reversible.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two OR groups through single bonds. A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) yields an acetal, when it is treated with two equivalents of an alcohol or one equivalent of diol in the presence of strong acid. The reaction is reversible.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two OR groups through single bonds. A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) yields an acetal, when it is treated with two equivalents of an alcohol or one equivalent of diol in the presence of strong acid. The reaction is reversible.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two OR groups through single bonds. A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) yields an acetal, when it is treated with two equivalents of an alcohol or one equivalent of diol in the presence of strong acid. The reaction is reversible.

Answer 14

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Answer 17

Ch. 18.1 - Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 18.2 - Give the IUPAC name for each aldehyde.Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 18.2 - Give the IUPAC name for each ketone.Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 11P Ch. 18.9 - Problem 21.17 Draw the products of the following...Ch. 18.9 - Problem 21.18 Outline a synthesis of each Wittig...Ch. 18.9 - Problem 21.19 Draw the products (including...Ch. 18.9 - Problem 21.20 What starting materials are needed...

Solution Summary: The author explains how the carbonyl compound and amine or alcohol needed to prepare the given compound are to be predicted.

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