Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecular Level
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781118918401
Author: Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. Pratt
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 18, Problem 36CQ
(a)
Summary Introduction
To explain: The number of protons required to synthesize one ATP by F1-F0ATPase containing 10 c subunits.
Concept introduction: The F1-F0 ATP synthases are involved in the production of ATP using the protons released into the inter membrane space by the complexes of electron transport chain. The c subunits rotate and cause conformational changes for the production of ATP.
(b)
Summary Introduction
To explain: The number of protons required to synthesize one ATP by F1-F0ATPase containing 15 c subunits.
Concept introduction: The F1-F0 ATP synthases are involved in the production of ATP using the protons released into the inter membrane space by the complexes of electron transport chain. The c subunits rotate and cause conformational changes for the production of ATP.
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At a pH equal to the isoelectric point (pl) of alanine, the net charge of alanine is zero. Two structures can be drawn that have a
net charge of zero, but the predominant form of alanine at its pl is zwitterionic.
CH3
H,N
CH3
**
H¸N-C
H
Zwitterionic
H
Uncharged
OH
Select statements that explain why alanine is predominantly zwitterionic at its pl.
pk of alanine's amino group is more than its pl.
pk of alanine's carboxyl group is more than its pl.
PK of alanine's carboxyl group is less than its pl.
pk of alanine's amino group is less than its pl.
Correct Answer
What fraction of alanine is in the completely uncharged form at its pl?
1 in 2.2 × 107
1 in 1.6 × 10²
1 in 4680
1 in 9460
How does a voltage-gated sodium channel work? Specifically, how and why does a change in voltage trigger their opening? Please be detailed
When sodium ions enter a neuron during depolarization, they trigger the opening of additional voltage-gated sodium channels nearby, creating a positive feedback loop where the influx of sodium ions further depolarizes the membrane, causing even more sodium channels to open and allowing more sodium ions to enter the cell, thus sustaining the depolarization process until the action potential peaks. But how and why exactly does the influx of sodium ions trigger more sodium channels to let in more sodium? Please explain
Chapter 18 Solutions
Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecular Level
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1ECh. 18 - 2. Certain genetic diseases caused by defective...Ch. 18 - 3. How many ATPs are synthesized for every...Ch. 18 - 4. How many ATPs are synthesized for every...Ch. 18 - 5. Explain why defects in mitochondrial genes...Ch. 18 - 6. Deficiencies of the components of Complexes I,...Ch. 18 - 7. Calculate ?G°+ for the oxidation of free FADH2...Ch. 18 - 8. Show that the free energy change for the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 9ECh. 18 - Prob. 10E
Ch. 18 - Prob. 11ECh. 18 - 12. Under certain conditions, cytochrome c can...Ch. 18 - 13. Some anaerobic prokaryotes use nitrate (NO3?)...Ch. 18 - 14. Some anaerobic prokaryotes reduce elemental...Ch. 18 - Prob. 15ECh. 18 - Prob. 16ECh. 18 - 17. Bombarding a suspension of mitochondria with...Ch. 18 - 18. For the experimental system described in...Ch. 18 - 19. Consider the mitochondrial ADP-ATP...Ch. 18 - 20. What thermodynamic force drives the transport...Ch. 18 - Prob. 21ECh. 18 - Prob. 22ECh. 18 - 23. Explain why compounds such as DNP increase...Ch. 18 - 24. What is the advantage of hormones activating a...Ch. 18 - 25. Describe the changes in [NADH]/[NAD+] and...Ch. 18 - 26. During cell signaling events that increase...Ch. 18 - 27. Activated neutrophils and macrophages (types...Ch. 18 - 28. Mutations in SOD arc associated with the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 29CQCh. 18 - 30. Sketch the O2-consuntption curves obtained for...Ch. 18 - Prob. 31CQCh. 18 - 32. For the mitochondrial membrane described in...Ch. 18 - 33. Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT)...Ch. 18 - 34. The antidiabetes drug metformin inhibits...Ch. 18 - 35. How do the P/O ratios for NADH differ in ATP...Ch. 18 - 36. How many protons are required to synthesize...Ch. 18 - 37. During dietary restriction, amino acids may be...Ch. 18 - Prob. 38CQCh. 18 - 39. In coastal marine environments, high...Ch. 18 - Prob. 40CQCh. 18 - 41. (a) A simplistic interpretation of the Q cycle...Ch. 18 - Prob. 42CQCh. 18 - MORE TO EXPLORE Anaerobic organisms produce ATP by...
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