
Using data from Appendix 2, calculate

Interpretation:
The standard entropy change, the entropy change of the surroundingsand the spontaneity of the given reactions are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The standard enthalpy change of a reaction
Here,
Answer to Problem 22QP
Solution:
The standard entropy change of the reaction is
The entropy change of the surroundings is
Reaction is not spontaneous.
The standard entropy change of the reaction is
The entropy change of the surroundings is
Reaction is spontaneous
The standard entropy change of the reaction is
The entropy change of the surroundings is
Reaction is spontaneous.
The standard entropy change of the reaction is
The entropy change of the surroundings is
Reaction is not spontaneous.
Explanation of Solution
a)
The entropy change of the universe for this reaction is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Here,
The enthalpy change of the system
The standard enthalpy change of the reaction
Here,
From appendix 2, the standard enthalpy changesfor the formation of the substances are as follows:
Substitute the value of the standard enthalpy change of the formation of the substance in the above expression,
The standard entropy change for this reaction is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Substitute the values of
Therefore, the entropy change of the surroundings is
Calculate thestandard entropy change of the given reaction.
The standard entropy change for this reaction is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Here,
and
From appendix 2, the standard entropy values of the substances are as follows:
Substitute the standard entropy value of the substance in the above expression,
Therefore, the standard entropy change for this reaction is
Calculate the entropy change of the universe.
The entropy change of the universe is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Substitute the values of
Therefore, the entropy change of the universe for this reaction is
For the spontaneity of the reaction, the value of
The entropy change of the universe for this reaction is negative.
Therefore, the reaction is not spontaneous.
b)
Calculate the entropy change of the universe for the given reaction.
The entropy change of the universe for this reaction is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Here,
The enthalpy change of the system
The standard enthalpy change of the reaction
Here,
From appendix 2, the standard enthalpy changesfor the formation of the substances are as follows:
Substitute thevalue of the standard enthalpy change for the formation of the substance in the above expression,
The standard entropy change for this reaction is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Substitute the values of
Therefore, the entropy change of the surroundings is
Calculate thestandard entropy change of the given reaction.
The standard entropy change for this reaction is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Here,
and
From appendix 2, the standard entropy values of the substance are as follows:
Substitute the standard entropy value of the substance in the above expression,
Therefore, the standard entropy change for this reaction is
Calculate the entropy change of the universe.
The entropy change of the universe is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Substitute the value of
Therefore, the entropy change of the universe for this reaction is
For the spontaneity of the reaction, the value of
The entropy change of the universe for this reaction is positive.
Therefore, the reaction is spontaneous.
c)
Calculate the entropy change of the universe for the given reaction.
The entropy change of the universe for this reaction is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Here,
The enthalpy change of the system
The standard enthalpy change of the reaction
Here,
From appendix 2, the standard enthalpy changesfor the formation of the substances are as follows:
Substitute thevalue of the standard enthalpy change for the formation of the substance in the above expression.
The standard entropy change for this reaction is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Substitute the values of
Therefore, the entropy change of the surroundings is
Calculate thestandard entropy change of the given reaction.
The standard entropy change for this reaction is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Here,
and
From appendix 2, the standard entropy values of the substances are as follows:
Substitute the value of the standard entropy of the substance in the above expression,
Therefore, the standard entropy change for this reaction is
Calculate the entropy change of the universe.
The entropy change of the universe is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Substitute the values of
Therefore, the entropy change of the universe for this reaction is
For a spontaneous reaction, the value of
The entropy change of the universe for this reaction is positive.
Therefore, the reaction is spontaneous.
d)
Calculate the entropy change of the universe for the given reaction.
The entropy change of the universe for this reaction is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Here,
The enthalpy change of the system
The standard enthalpy change of the reaction
Here,
From appendix 2, the standard enthalpy change for the formation of the substance are as follows:
Substitute thevalue of the standard enthalpy change for the formation of the substance in the above expression,
The standard entropy change for this reaction is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Substitute the values of
Therefore, the entropy change of the surroundings is
Calculate thestandard entropy change of the given reaction.
The standard entropy change for this reaction is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Here,
and
From appendix 2, the standard entropy values of the substances are as follows:
Substitute the value of the standard entropy of the substance in the above expression,
Therefore, the standard entropy change for this reaction is
Calculate the entropy change of the universe.
The entropy change of the universe is calculated by using the expression as follows:
Substitute the values of
Therefore, the entropy change of the universe for this reaction is
For a spontaneous reaction, the value of
The entropy change of the universe for this reaction is negative.
Therefore, the reaction is not spontaneous.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 18 Solutions
EBK CHEMISTRY
- Some of the theories used to describe interface structure can be distinguished by:1. the measured potential difference.2. the distribution of ions in solution.3. the calculation of charge density.4. the external Helmoltz plane.arrow_forwardWhen talking about the acidity of carboxylic acids, is it the same thing to say higher or stronger acidity?arrow_forwardUsing the following two half-reactions, determine the pH range in which $NO_2^-\ (aq)$ cannot be found as the predominant chemical species in water.* $NO_3^-(aq)+10H^+(aq)+8e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+3H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=14.88$* $NO_2^-(aq)+8H^+(aq)+6e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+2H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=15.08$arrow_forward
- Indicate the formula of the product obtained by reacting methyl 5-chloro-5-oxopentanoate with 1 mole of 4-penten-1-ylmagnesium bromide.arrow_forwardIn the two chair conformations of glucose, the most stable is the one with all the OH groups in the equatorial position. Is this correct?arrow_forwardIndicate the formula of the product obtained by reacting D-Galactose with hydroxylamine.arrow_forward
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning





